{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:42:00Z","timestamp":1788586920391,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009054","name":"U.S. President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent outbreaks of anorectal lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) have been characterised by proctocolitis requiring extended antibiotic treatment compared with infections caused by other serovars of <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic> (CT). We describe the prevalence and clinical features of LGV among Nigerian MSM diagnosed with anorectal CT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>MSM were recruited for this observational cohort in Lagos, Nigeria, using respondent-driven sampling and screened for HIV and bacterial STIs every three\u2009months for up to 18 months. Nucleic acid amplification tests for CT were performed on rectal swab specimens. Prevalent and incident cases of anorectal CT underwent additional testing to identify LGV using novel real-time PCR assays specific for the L-serovars of CT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From April 2014 to July 2016, 420 MSM underwent testing for rectal STIs, of whom 66 (15.7%) had prevalent anorectal CT. Among those without prevalent disease, 68 developed incident infections during 208 person-years of follow-up. Of 134 prevalent and incident cases of anorectal CT, 7 (5.2%) were identified as LGV. None of the seven participants with LGV reported any symptoms. Two of the participants with LGV were simultaneously coinfected with rectal gonorrhoea. HIV coinfection was common among participants with both LGV (n=5, 71%) and non-LGV (n=98, 77%) serovars of CT (P=0.66).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anorectal LGV was uncommon but present among Nigerian MSM in this study. Consistent screening for L-serovars of CT, or presumptive treatment for LGV in cases with a high suspicion for this diagnosis, could potentially improve patient outcomes and decrease transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T17:20:22Z","timestamp":1517246422000},"page":"578-581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Asymptomatic lymphogranuloma venereum among Nigerian men who have sex with men"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5947-265X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trevor A","family":"Crowell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Hardick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afoke","family":"Kokogho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senate","family":"Amusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunday","family":"Odeyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Ivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan D","family":"Baral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca G","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Adebajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manhattan E","family":"Charurat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Ake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte A","family":"Gaydos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050723340594000_94.8.578.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ756"},{"key":"2020050723340594000_94.8.578.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2210.160986","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of doxycycline efficacy for rectal lymphogranuloma venereum in men who have sex with men","volume":"22","author":"Leeyaphan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020050723340594000_94.8.578.3","unstructured":"The gap report. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS, 2014."},{"key":"2020050723340594000_94.8.578.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e299","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00078-8","article-title":"The immediate effect of the same-sex marriage prohibition act on stigma, discrimination, and engagement on HIV prevention and treatment services in men who have sex with men in Nigeria: analysis of prospective data from the TRUST cohort","volume":"2","author":"Schwartz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2020050723340594000_94.8.578.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21270","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.19.1.21270","article-title":"High prevalence of HIV, chlamydia and gonorrhoea among men who have sex with men and transgender women attending trusted community centres in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria","volume":"19","author":"Keshinro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"2020050723340594000_94.8.578.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000439"},{"key":"2020050723340594000_94.8.578.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000438"},{"key":"2020050723340594000_94.8.578.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.2.90"},{"key":"2020050723340594000_94.8.578.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2010.043224"},{"key":"2020050723340594000_94.8.578.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2014.901169"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053414","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T10:20:10Z","timestamp":1601115610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053414","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]}}}