{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:42:28Z","timestamp":1791420148959,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002999","name":"Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002999","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>\nNational prevalence estimates of\n<jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n(chlamydia) and\n<jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n(gonorrhoea) are important for providing insights in the occurrence and control of these STIs. The aim was to obtain national prevalence estimates for chlamydia and gonorrhoea and to investigate risk factors associated with infection.\n<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Between November 2016 and January 2017, we performed a national population-based cross-sectional probability sample survey among men and women aged 18\u201334 years in the Netherlands. Individuals were invited to complete a questionnaire about sexual health. At the end of the questionnaire, sexually active individuals could request a home-based sampling kit. Samples were tested for chlamydia and gonorrhoea using nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). Logistic regression analyses were performed for predictors of participation and chlamydia infection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of the 17\u2009222 invited individuals, 4447 (26%) participated. Of these, 3255 were eligible for prevalence survey participation and 550 (17%) returned a sample. Participation in the prevalence survey was associated with age (20+) and risk factors for STI. We did not detect any gonorrhoea. The overall weighted prevalence of chlamydia was 2.8% (95% CI 1.5% to 5.2%); 1.1% (0.1% to 7.2%) in men and 5.6% (3.3% to 9.5%) in women. Risk factors for chlamydia infections in women aged 18\u201324\u2009years were low\/medium education level, not having a relationship with the person you had most recent sex with and age at first sex older than 16.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Chlamydia and gonorrhoea prevalence were low in the general Dutch population, as was the participation rate. Repeated prevalence surveys are needed to analyse trends in STI prevalences and to evaluate control policies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]],"date-time":"2018-06-20T16:45:47Z","timestamp":1529513147000},"page":"53-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["National prevalence estimates of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Janneke C M","family":"Heijne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid V F","family":"van den Broek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia M","family":"Bruisten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan E A","family":"van Bergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanneke","family":"de Graaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit H B","family":"van Benthem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092304402202000_95.1.53.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115753","article-title":"Genital chlamydia prevalence in Europe and non-European high income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Redmond","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024092304402202000_95.1.53.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06886-6"},{"key":"2024092304402202000_95.1.53.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61947-9"},{"key":"2024092304402202000_95.1.53.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052013"},{"key":"2024092304402202000_95.1.53.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2010.047027"},{"key":"2024092304402202000_95.1.53.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31823e2ff7"},{"key":"2024092304402202000_95.1.53.7","unstructured":"Visser M , Van Aar F , Van Oeffelen AAM , et al . Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, in the Netherlands in 2016. Bilthoven: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 2017."},{"key":"2024092304402202000_95.1.53.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.76.5.375"},{"key":"2024092304402202000_95.1.53.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.010173"},{"key":"2024092304402202000_95.1.53.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4316"},{"key":"2024092304402202000_95.1.53.11","unstructured":"Rutgers. Seksuele gezondheid in Nederland 2011 [In Dutch]. 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