{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:38:33Z","timestamp":1792798713282,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"Programa de Apoio a P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o (PROAP) and Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES), Bras\u00edlia, DF, Brazil","award":["2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"\u00d6rebro County Council Research Committee and the Foundation for Medical Research at \u00d6rebro University Hospital, \u00d6rebro, Sweden","award":["2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02m62qy71","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis (<\/jats:italic>\n                      TV) infection is the most common non-viral STI globally and can result in adverse pregnancy outcomes and exacerbated HIV acquisition\/transmission. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are the most sensitive diagnostic tests, with high specificity, but TV NAATs are rarely used in Brazil. We investigated the TV prevalence and compared the performance of the US Food and Drug Association-cleared Aptima TV assay with microscopy (wet mount and Gram-stained) and culture for TV detection in women in Pelotas, Brazil in an observational study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From August 2015 to December 2016, 499 consecutive asymptomatic and symptomatic sexually active women attending a Gynaecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic were enrolled. Vaginal fluid and swab specimens were collected and wet mount microscopy, Gram-stained microscopy, culture and the Aptima TV assay performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median age of enrolled women was 36.5 years (range: 15\u201377). The majority were white, had a steady sexual partner and low levels of education. The TV detection rate was 4.2%, 2.4%, 1.2% and 0% using the Aptima TV assay, culture, wet mount microscopy and Gram-stained microscopy, respectively. The sensitivity of culture and wet mount microscopy was only 57.1% (95% CI 36.5 to 75.5) and 28.6% (95% CI 13.8 to 50.0), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 4.2% positivity rate of\n                      <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was found among women in Pelotas, Brazil and the routine diagnostic test (wet mount microscopy) and culture had low sensitivities. More sensitive diagnostic tests (NAATs) and enhanced testing of symptomatic and asymptomatic at-risk women are crucial to mitigate the transmission of TV infection, TV-associated sequelae and enhanced HIV acquisition and transmission.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]],"date-time":"2018-08-28T16:58:47Z","timestamp":1535475527000},"page":"129-132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Aptima\n                    <i>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i>\n                    assay elucidates significant underdiagnosis of trichomoniasis among women in Brazil according to an observational study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Mirian Pinheiro","family":"Bruni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariangela","family":"Freitas da Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dulce","family":"Stauffert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Lucas de Oliveira","family":"Bicca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Caetano dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nara Am\u00e9lia","family":"da Rosa Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Golparian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Unemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304","article-title":"Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting","volume":"10","author":"Newman","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2747","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis is Rare Among Women in Iceland","volume":"97","author":"Hilmarsdottir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(84)90392-2"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.10.005"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2010.03.007"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02025-15"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000243618.71908.95","article-title":"Systemic immune response to Trichomonas vaginalis infection during pregnancy","volume":"34","author":"Anderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282f3d999"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.9","unstructured":"Adu-Sarkodie Y, . 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Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization (WHO), 2013."},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.10","first-page":"159","article-title":"Tricomon\u00edase: uma epidemia negligenciada","volume":"18","author":"Passos","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bras Doen\u00e7as Sex Transm"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051514"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1946","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis infections are rare among young patients attending an STI clinic in Sweden","volume":"95","author":"Pellrud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051057"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03601.x"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.15","first-page":"7","article-title":"Trichomoniasis: a brief review of diagnostic methods and our experience with real-time PCR for detecting infection","volume":"24","author":"\u0160oba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/509934"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3277-3280.2002"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/373920","article-title":"The laboratory diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"16","author":"Garber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462414534833"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2012.05.003"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erm.11.53"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462415606850"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12713","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis is very rare among women with vaginal discharge in Podlaskie province, Poland","volume":"125","author":"Serwin","year":"2017","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2014.07.002","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis infection among young pregnant women in Brazil","volume":"18","author":"Miranda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.2307\/3274682","article-title":"The establishment of various trichomonads of animals and man in axenic cultures","volume":"43","author":"Diamond","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12430"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.27","unstructured":"Sergeant E . 2017.Pageshttp:\/\/epitools.ausvet.com.au\/content.php?page=home (accessed Mar 26, 2018)."},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318203e3ce"},{"key":"2024092304402086000_95.2.129.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/518851"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053635","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T07:41:37Z","timestamp":1727077297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053635"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053635","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]]}}}