{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:28:27Z","timestamp":1792787307166,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320030_173044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030_173044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swiss Programme for Research on global issues for Development","award":["IZ07Z0_160909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IZ07Z0_160909"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32003B-160320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32003B-160320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                      is increasingly seen as an emerging sexually transmitted pathogen, and has been likened to\n                      <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , but its natural history is poorly understood. The objectives of this systematic review were to determine\n                      <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                      incidence, persistence, concordance between sexual partners and the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched Medline, EMBASE, LILACS, IndMed and African Index Medicus from 1 January 1981 until 17 March 2018. Two independent researchers screened studies for inclusion and extracted data. We examined results in forest plots, assessed heterogeneity and conducted meta-analysis where appropriate. Risk of bias was assessed for all studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We screened 4634 records and included 18 studies; six (4201 women) reported on incidence, five (636 women) on persistence, 10 (1346 women and men) on concordance and three (5139 women) on PID. Incidence in women in two very highly developed countries was 1.07 per 100 person-years (95%\u2009CI 0.61 to 1.53, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      0%). Median persistence of\n                      <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                      was estimated from one to three\u2009months in four studies but 15 months in one study. In 10 studies measuring\n                      <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection status in couples, 39%\u201350% of male or female sexual partners of infected participants also had\n                      <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                      detected. In prospective studies, PID incidence was higher in women with\n                      <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                      than those without (risk ratio 1.73, 95%\u2009CI 0.92 to 3.28, I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      0%, two studies).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Incidence of\n                      <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                      in very highly developed countries is similar to that for\n                      <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , but concordance might be lower. Taken together with other evidence about age distribution and antimicrobial resistance in the two infections,\n                      <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                      is not the new chlamydia. Synthesised data about prevalence, incidence and persistence of\n                      <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection are inconsistent. These findings can be used for mathematical modelling to investigate the dynamics of\n                      <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration numbers<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42015020420, CRD42015020405<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T09:41:34Z","timestamp":1557135694000},"page":"328-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["<i>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/i>\n                    incidence, persistence, concordance between partners and progression: systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Cina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4725-0475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dianne","family":"Egli-Gany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2755-9501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian S","family":"Halbeisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hammad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pippa","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4817-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092304402308000_95.5.328.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-11"},{"key":"2024092304402308000_95.5.328.2","first-page":"942","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium: an emerging sexually transmitted pathogen","volume":"136","author":"Sethi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"2024092304402308000_95.5.328.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ312"},{"key":"2024092304402308000_95.5.328.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002474","article-title":"Re-emerging and newly recognized sexually transmitted infections: can prior experiences shed light on future identification and control?","volume":"14","author":"Bernstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2024092304402308000_95.5.328.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656739"},{"key":"2024092304402308000_95.5.328.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv194"},{"key":"2024092304402308000_95.5.328.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053384"},{"key":"2024092304402308000_95.5.328.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.036046"},{"key":"2024092304402308000_95.5.328.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birger R , Saunders J , Estcourt C , et al . 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