{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:30:38Z","timestamp":1792222238919,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 AI110532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 AI110532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 MH084611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 MH084611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 MH092232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 MH092232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25 MH087222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25 MH087222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>While men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by Peru\u2019s overlapping HIV and STI epidemics, there are few data on how partnership-level and network-level factors affect STI transmission in Peru. We explored partnership-level and network-level factors associated with gonorrhoea\/chlamydia (<jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>and\/or<jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>(NG\/CT)) and\/or syphilis infection among MSM in Peru.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present the results of a cross-sectional secondary analysis of MSM (n=898) tested for syphilis and NG\/CT infection as part of the screening process for two STI control trials in Lima, Peru. Participants completed questionnaires on demographics, sexual identity and role, characteristics of their three most recent sexual partners (partner sexual orientation, gender, role, partnership type, partner-specific sexual acts) and 30-day sexual network characteristics (number of sexual partners, partnership types, frequency of anal\/vaginal intercourse). Participants were tested for syphilis and urethral, rectal and oropharyngeal NG\/CT. Differences in network characteristics were analysed with \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>and Kruskal-Wallis tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately 38.9% of participants had a new STI diagnosis (syphilis (rapid plasma reagin \u226516): 10.6%; NG\/CT: 22.9%; syphilis-NG\/CT coinfection: 5.4%). Condomless anal intercourse (CAI) was not significantly associated with an STI diagnosis. Gay-identified participants with exclusively homosexual networks had a higher prevalence of STIs (47.4%) than gay-identified MSM with only heterosexual\/bisexual partners (34.6%, p=0.04), despite reporting fewer sexual partners (any partners: 2, 1\u20134 vs 3, 2\u20136; p=0.001; casual partners: 1, 0\u20133 vs 2, 1\u20134; p=0.001) and more stable partnerships (1, 0\u20131 vs 0, 0\u20131; p=0.003) in the last month.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Network size and the number of casual sexual partners were associated with NG\/CT infection among MSM in Peru. Despite reporting fewer sexual risk behaviours (smaller network size, more stable partnerships, less CAI), MSM with homosexual-only sexual networks had a higher prevalence of NG\/CT and syphilis. These findings suggest network composition among MSM in Peru plays an important role in the risk for STI acquisition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T21:15:29Z","timestamp":1555967729000},"page":"336-341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sexual network characteristics of men who have sex with men with syphilis and\/or gonorrhoea\/chlamydia in Lima, Peru: network patterns as roadmaps for STI prevention interventions"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"95","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01720654","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6535-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cherie","family":"Blair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan Colby","family":"Passaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eddy R","family":"Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan E","family":"Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaya G","family":"Perez-Brumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4983-5725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier R","family":"Lama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse L","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092304402302000_95.5.336.1","unstructured":"UNAIDS . 2016 Peru country fact sheet, 2016."},{"key":"2024092304402302000_95.5.336.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007201","article-title":"Syndromic management and STI control in urban Peru","volume":"4","author":"Clark","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024092304402302000_95.5.336.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059072","article-title":"Prevalence of HIV, STIs, and risk behaviors in a cross-sectional community- and clinic-based sample of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Lima, Peru","volume":"8","author":"Perez-Brumer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024092304402302000_95.5.336.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000816","article-title":"Body parts matter: social, behavioral, and biological considerations for urethral, pharyngeal, and rectal gonorrhea and Chlamydia screening among MSM in Lima, Peru","volume":"45","author":"Passaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2024092304402302000_95.5.336.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70144-5"},{"key":"2024092304402302000_95.5.336.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.031310"},{"key":"2024092304402302000_95.5.336.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0210-5"},{"key":"2024092304402302000_95.5.336.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1049-3"},{"key":"2024092304402302000_95.5.336.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1276-7","article-title":"Sexual orientation, gender identity and perceived source of infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) recently diagnosed with HIV and\/or STI in Lima, Peru","volume":"20","author":"Blair","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2024092304402302000_95.5.336.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0787-y","article-title":"Socialization patterns and their associations with unprotected anal intercourse, HIV, and syphilis among high-risk men who have sex with men and transgender women in Peru","volume":"18","author":"Verre","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2024092304402302000_95.5.336.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee SW , Deiss RG , Segura ER , et al . 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