{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T05:57:10Z","timestamp":1792821430625,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23HD071788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HD071788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43 TW000007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43 TW000007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 TW008406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 TW008406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R24 TW007988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R24 TW007988"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 AI098527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 AI098527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24 AI087399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24 AI087399"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI027757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI027757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI050410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI050410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI0684316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI0684316"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HIV infection increases the risk of high-grade cervical neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma. The study addresses the limited data describing human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical neoplasia among HIV-infected women in HIV-discordant relationships in sub-Saharan Africa, which is needed to inform screening strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study of HIV-infected women with HIV-uninfected partners was conducted to determine the distribution of type-specific HPV infection and cervical cytology. This study was nested in a prospective cohort recruited between September 2007 and December 2009 in Nairobi, Kenya. Cervical cells for HPV DNA testing and conventional cervical cytology were collected. HPV types were detected and genotyped by Roche Linear Array PCR assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 283 women, the overall HPV prevalence was 62%, and 132 (47%) had \u22651 high-risk (HR)-HPV genotype. Of 268 women with cervical cytology results, 18 (7%) had high-grade cervical lesions or more severe by cytology, of whom 16 (89%) were HR-HPV-positive compared with 82 (41%) of 199 women with normal cytology (p&lt;0.001). The most common HR-HPV types in women with a high-grade lesion or more severe by cytology were HPV-52 (44%), HPV-31 (22%), HPV-35 (22%), HPV-51 (22%) and HPV-58 (22%). HR-HPV genotypes HPV-16 or HPV-18 were found in 17% of women with high-grade lesions or more severe. HR-HPV screening applied in this population would detect 89% of those with a high-grade lesion or more severe, while 44% of women with normal or low-grade cytology would screen positive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HR-HPV prevalence was high in this population of HIV-infected women with an uninfected partner. Choice of screening for all HR genotypes versus a subset of HR genotypes in these HIV-infected women will strongly affect the performance of an HPV screening strategy relative to cytological screening. Regional and subpopulation differences in HR-HPV genotype distributions could affect screening test performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T17:25:17Z","timestamp":1578590717000},"page":"457-463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Human papillomavirus and abnormal cervical lesions among HIV-infected women in HIV-discordant couples from Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2059-3291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon L","family":"Guthrie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne F","family":"Rositch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy Alison","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carey","family":"Farquhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Bosire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Kiarie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.1","unstructured":"Winer RL , Koutsky L . Genital human papillomavirus infection. In: Holmes KK , ed. Sex Transm dis. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2008: 489\u2013508."},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021641"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199909)189:1<12::AID-PATH431>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462413491735"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200309050-00015"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.3.226"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"2018","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.8","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Press WHO . Who case definitions of HIV for surveillance and revised clinical staging and immunological classification of HIV-related disease in adults and children. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2007."},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.9","unstructured":"Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation and Ministry of Medical Services . National cervical cancer prevention program: strategic plan 2012\u20132015, 2012."},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3182367c4c"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598220"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462413504554"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.7.2688-2695.2000"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.16.2114"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00104-06"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.357-361.2000"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix135"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000253361.63578.14"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.441"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200302000-00009"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462412472446"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-016-0114-5","article-title":"Multiple HPV infections in female sex workers in Western Kenya: implications for prophylactic vaccines within this sub population","volume":"12","author":"Menon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Agent Cancer"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600688"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22527"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001113","article-title":"Effect of HIV infection on human papillomavirus types causing invasive cervical cancer in Africa","volume":"73","author":"Clifford","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23045"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040766","article-title":"Knowledge and acceptability of Pap smears, self-sampling and HPV vaccination among adult women in Kenya","volume":"7","author":"Rositch","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31828e5a91"},{"key":"2024092304150707000_96.6.457.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arbyn M , Smith SB , Temin S , et al . Collaboration on self-sampling and HPV testing. detecting cervical precancer and reaching underscreened women by using HPV testing on self samples: updated meta-analyses. 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