{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:04:31Z","timestamp":1790665471113,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship","award":["Rosie Latimer is supported by this scholarship."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Rosie Latimer is supported by this scholarship."]}]},{"name":"Hologic, San Diego"},{"name":"NHMRC early career fellowship","award":["1091536- Tim Read was supported by this fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1091536- Tim Read was supported by this fellowship"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are limited data on the prevalence of<jats:italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic>(Mgen) coinfection with rectal chlamydia (<jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>(CT)) and rectal gonorrhoea (<jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>(NG)) infections and few studies examining the prevalence of pharyngeal Mgen in men who have sex with men (MSM). Using transcription-mediated amplification assay, this study aimed to determine the proportion of rectal CT and rectal NG infections in MSM who are coinfected with rectal Mgen, and the proportion of MSM with Mgen detected in the pharynx in order to inform clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre in Australia. Consecutively collected rectal swabs from MSM that tested positive for CT (n=212) or NG (n=212), and consecutively collected pharyngeal samples (n=480) from MSM were tested for Mgen using the Aptima<jats:italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic>Assay (Hologic, San Diego). Samples were linked to demographic data and symptom status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rectal Mgen was codetected in 27 of 212 rectal CT (13%, 95% CI 9 to 18) and in 29 of 212 rectal NG (14%, 95% CI 9 to 19) samples, with no difference in the proportion positive for Mgen. MSM with rectal CT\/Mgen coinfection had more sexual partners than those with rectal CT monoinfection (mean 6 vs 11, p=0.06). MSM with rectal NG\/Mgen coinfection were more likely to be HIV-positive than those with rectal NG monoinfection (OR=2.96, 95% CI 1.21 to 7.26, p=0.023). MSM with rectal CT\/Mgen coinfection were more likely to be using pre-exposure prophylaxis than MSM with rectal NG\/Mgen coinfection (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.65, p=0.002). Pharyngeal Mgen was uncommon and detected in 8 of 464 samples (2%, 95% CI 1% to 3%). Pharyngeal Mgen was associated with having a rectal STI (OR=10.61, 95% CI 2.30 to 48.87, p=0.002), and there was a borderline association with being HIV-positive (p=0.079).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data indicate one in seven MSM treated for rectal CT or rectal NG will have undiagnosed Mgen that is potentially exposed to azithromycin during treatment of these STIs. Rectal Mgen coinfection was associated with specific risk factors which may inform testing practices. Pharyngeal Mgen was uncommon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T21:15:38Z","timestamp":1560978938000},"page":"10-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Extragenital<i>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/i>infections among men who have sex with men"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0940-3722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosie Louise","family":"Latimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Vodstrcil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vesna","family":"De Petra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher K","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim RH","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1766-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric PF","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catriona","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.00923.x"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053384"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053480"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2504.181258"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broad CE , Harding-Esch E , Harrison M , et al . O12.2 co-infection and macrolide antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) of Mycoplasma genitalium with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, in females, heterosexual males, and men-who-have-sex-with-men. Sex Transm Infect 2017;93.","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053264.67"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S759","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ771","article-title":"Centers for disease control and prevention sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines","volume":"61 Suppl 8","author":"Workowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.7","unstructured":"Australian STI management guidelines 2018."},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.8","unstructured":"British Association for sexual health and HIV national guideline for the management of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2019) 2019."},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.9","unstructured":"Update on the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection. Bashh Clinical Effectiveness Group 2018."},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.10","first-page":"e96","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium in Toronto, ONT: estimates of prevalence and macrolide resistance","volume":"62","author":"Gesink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2016.07.005"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw719","article-title":"Azithromycin 1.5g Over 5 Days Compared to 1g Single Dose in Urethral Mycoplasma genitalium : Impact on Treatment Outcome and Resistance","volume":"64","author":"Read","year":"2017","journal-title":"CLINID"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu1162"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.14","unstructured":"Recommendations for testing for sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men BASHH Guidelines; British Association for Sexual Health and HIV."},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.035535"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A30.3","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052270.93","article-title":"003.3\u2005The prevalence of mycoplasma genitalium and chlamydia trachomatis at various anatomical sites of men who have sex with men in five cities of china","volume":"91","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2311.170998","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium infection in adults reporting sexual contact with infected partners, Australia, 2008-2016","volume":"23","author":"Slifirski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00495-13"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-053060"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-14"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040216"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy477","article-title":"Outcomes of resistance-guided sequential treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium infections: a prospective evaluation","volume":"68","author":"Read","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328323da3e"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu644"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.022970"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.012062"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01038-16"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker J , Fairley CK , Bradshaw CS , et al . The difference in determinants of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium in a sample of young Australian women. BMC Infect Dis 2011;11.doi:10.1186\/1471-2334-11-35","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-35"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000718"},{"key":"2024092304050828000_96.1.10.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31828bfccf"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054058","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T11:05:39Z","timestamp":1727089539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054058"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054058","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]]}}}