{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T21:45:05Z","timestamp":1793310305508,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564099200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010102","name":"Institut National de Pr\u00e9vention et d'\u00c9ducation pour la Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hepatites Virales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Recent studies highlighted that many HIV-positive migrants in Europe acquired their infections post-migration. However, the timing of these infections is not always known. This study aims to estimate the timing of post-migration HIV acquisition among sub-Saharan migrants in France and to understand the correlates of post-migration infection.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>\nWithin the PARCOURS retrospective survey conducted in 2012\u20132013 in 74 healthcare facilities in the Paris region, life-event data were collected among a random sample of 926 patients living with HIV in HIV services and 763 patients undiagnosed with HIV in primary care centres born in sub-Saharan Africa (reference group). Based on previous analysis, we considered the first 6 years in France after migration as a settlement period. Among the persons who acquired HIV after migration, we estimated the proportion of persons infected during settlement (0\u20136 years after migration) and after settlement (&gt;6 years after migration) by using an algorithm that combines life-event data and a modelisation of CD4\n<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\nT-cell count decline. We then assessed the determinants of HIV acquisition during settlement and after settlement using bivariate logistic regression models.\n<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Overall, 58% of sub-Saharan migrants who acquired HIV after migration were infected during the first 6\u2009years in France. HIV acquisition during settlement was found to be linked to short\/transactional partnerships and lack of a resident permit. 42% of migrants had contracted HIV after settlement. After settlement, HIV acquisition was associated with short\/transactional but also with concurrent partnerships and not with social hardship.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Two profiles of HIV post-migration acquisition emerged. The majority of HIV post-migration acquisition occurs during the settlement period: comprehensive combination prevention programmes among recently arrived migrants are needed. However, long-term migrants are also at risk for HIV through multiple partnerships. Prevention programmes should address the different profiles of migrants at risk for post-migration HIV acquisition.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]],"date-time":"2019-07-26T21:15:42Z","timestamp":1564175742000},"page":"227-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["When and why? Timing of post-migration HIV acquisition among sub-Saharan migrants in France"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"96","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02566148","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6876-8249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Gosselin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrainolo","family":"Ravalihasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Pannetier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"France","family":"Lert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabel","family":"Desgr\u00e9es du Lo\u00fb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092304051572000_96.3.227.1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, WHO Regional Office for Europe. HIV\/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2018\u20132017 data. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2018. Available: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/portal\/files\/documents\/hiv-aids-surveillance-europe-2018.pdf"},{"key":"2024092304051572000_96.3.227.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.9046"},{"key":"2024092304051572000_96.3.227.3","unstructured":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France . Point \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique\u2014Infection par le VIH et IST bact\u00e9riennes, 2017. Available: http:\/\/invs.santepubliquefrance.fr\/Dossiers-thematiques\/Maladies-infectieuses\/VIH-sida-IST\/Infection-a-VIH-et-sida\/Actualites\/Infection-par-le-VIH-et-les-IST-bacteriennes.-Point-epidemiologique-du-28-novembre-2017 [Accessed 28 Nov 2017]."},{"key":"2024092304051572000_96.3.227.4","unstructured":"Lucas E , Cazein F , Brunet S , et al . HIV types, groups and subtypes diagnosed in France since 2003: data from eight years of surveillance. Bull Epid\u00e9miol Hebd 2012:46\u20137."},{"key":"2024092304051572000_96.3.227.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32831c546b"},{"key":"2024092304051572000_96.3.227.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283578b80"},{"key":"2024092304051572000_96.3.227.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desgr\u00e9es-du-Lo\u00fb A , Pannetier J , Ravalihasy A , et al . Sub-Saharan African migrants living with HIV acquired after migration, France, ANRS PARCOURS study, 2012 to 2013. Euro Surveill 2015;20.doi:10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.46.30065","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.46.30065"},{"key":"2024092304051572000_96.3.227.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1852-9","article-title":"A systematic review of post-migration acquisition of HIV among migrants from countries with generalised HIV epidemics living in Europe: implications for effectively managing HIV prevention programmes and policy","volume":"15","author":"Fakoya","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2024092304051572000_96.3.227.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001571","article-title":"High levels of postmigration HIV acquisition within nine European countries","volume":"31","author":"Alvarez-del Arco","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2024092304051572000_96.3.227.10","unstructured":"Gosselin A , Ravalihasy A , Pannetier J , et al . When and who? timing of Post-Migration HIV acquisition among sub-Saharan immigrants in France. AIDS 2018, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2018."},{"key":"2024092304051572000_96.3.227.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/s10680-017-9463-z","article-title":"Understanding settlement pathways of African immigrants in France through a capability approach: do Pre-migratory characteristics matter?","volume":"34","author":"Gosselin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Popul"},{"key":"2024092304051572000_96.3.227.12","unstructured":"Gosselin A , Desgr\u00e9es du Lo\u00fb A , Leli\u00e8vre E , et al . Understanding sub-Saharan migrant settlement in France through a capability approach: evidence from a life-event history survey. Working Paper du Ceped, n\u00b033, 2016. 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