{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:11:55Z","timestamp":1793293915685,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR-2011-02349732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR-2011-02349732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to assess incidence and clearance of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the respective risk factors in HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral rinse and gargles were collected semiannually from 244 MSM (103, 42.2% HIV-infected). HPV-DNA testing was performed with the Linear Array HPV Genotyping test. A Markov model was used for estimation of incidence, clearance and risk factor analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incidence rates for any HPV were 21.2 and 15.0\u00d71000 person-months in HIV-infected and uninfected MSM, respectively. The respective figures for high-risk HPVs were 10.7 and 6.5\u00d71000 person-months. The clearance rate was 4\u201312 times higher than the respective incidence rate. HIV-infected MSM with &gt;95 lifetime oral sex partners showed increased incidence of any HPV (adjusted HR, aHR: 8.46, 95%\u2009CI 1.89 to 37.92). Condomless oral sex appeared the strongest predictor for incident infection by high-risk HPVs in this group (aHR: 13.40, 95%\u2009CI 2.55 to 70.53). Those aged &gt;46 years (aHR: 0.30, 95%\u2009CI 0.12 to 0.74) and those with nadir CD4+ T count of &lt;200\u2009cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>(aHR: 0.14, 95%\u2009CI 0.03 to 0.75) displayed a significantly reduced clearance of any and high-risk HPVs, respectively. HIV-uninfected MSM aged &gt;46 years had increased risk of acquiring any HPV (aHR: 3.70, 95%\u2009CI 1.30 to 10.52) and high-risk HPV (aHR: 5.33, 95%\u2009CI 1.06 to 26.68). Any HPV clearance declined in those with more than six recent oral sex partners (aHR: 0.18, 95%\u2009CI 0.05 to 0.65).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acquisition of oral HPV infection in MSM seems to occur rarely, whereas clearance seems to be a frequent event. Oral HPV natural history in these at-risk subjects is differently influenced by age and sex behaviour, depending on HIV status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T22:19:46Z","timestamp":1580422786000},"page":"528-536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Oral human papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected MSM: the OHMAR prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Rollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Fenicia","family":"Vescio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Pichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9421-6560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Latini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Benevolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Pellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cristaudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3250-1726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Gabriella","family":"Dona'","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092304250616000_96.7.528.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djv403","article-title":"Hpv involvement in head and neck cancers: comprehensive assessment of biomarkers in 3680 patients","volume":"108","author":"Castellsagu\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2024092304250616000_96.7.528.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30716"},{"key":"2024092304250616000_96.7.528.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.12.018"},{"key":"2024092304250616000_96.7.528.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25585","article-title":"Changes in incidence and prevalence of human papillomavirus in tonsillar and base of tongue cancer during 2000-2016 in the Stockholm region and Sweden","volume":"41","author":"Haeggblom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"2024092304250616000_96.7.528.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0098"},{"key":"2024092304250616000_96.7.528.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2018.04.005","article-title":"The epidemiology of oral human papillomavirus infection in healthy populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"82","author":"Tam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"2024092304250616000_96.7.528.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy715","article-title":"Might oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in healthy individuals explain differences in HPV-Attributable fractions in oropharyngeal cancer? 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