{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:11:44Z","timestamp":1787235104985,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588723200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005258","name":"National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005258","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serological tests of non-treponemal and treponemal types are the most frequently used for syphilis diagnosis. Treponemal tests are available in wide variety of assay formats; however, limited advances have been made for the improvement of conventional non-treponemal tests. The objective of this work was to develop a novel non-treponemal magnetic particle-based agglutination assay (NT-MAA) and evaluate its feasibility for syphilis testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cardiolipin was modified and coupled to magnetic microbeads. Serum diluted in phosphate-buffered saline was mixed with cardiolipin-coupled beads and incubated in a round bottom microplate for 90\u2013120\u2009min followed by visual inspection. A panel of reported syphilis (n=127) and non-reactive (n=244) specimens was prepared to evaluate the NT-MAA performance in comparison to conventional rapid plasma reagin (RPR).\n                      <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      particle agglutination (TP-PA) assay and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were included. Analytical sensitivity and reproducibility of NT-MAA were also determined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The non-treponemal NT-MAA and RPR showed sensitivity of 90.6% and 88.2% and specificity of 96.7% and 100%, respectively. The treponemal TP-PA and EIA yielded sensitivity of 100% and 99.2%, respectively, and 100% specificity by both assays. The per cent agreement between NT-MAA and RPR was 97% (kappa=0.931, 95% CI 0.891 to 0.971). Analytical sensitivity determined with IgM anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) was 2.6\u2009\u00b5g\/mL for both NT-MAA and RPR, while IgG ACA yielded 0.9\u2009\u00b5g\/mL and 1.7\u2009\u00b5g\/mL for NT-MAA and RPR, respectively. Qualitative results of intra-assay and interassay reproducibility revealed 100% consistency for NT-MAA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preliminary evaluation of the novel NT-MAA validated proof of concept using laboratory-characterised syphilis sera and demonstrated performance comparable to RPR. Further validation of NT-MAA using additional specimens with better clinical staging may broaden the scope of developed test for syphilis diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T17:28:03Z","timestamp":1588786083000},"page":"411-416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of a novel magnetic particle-based agglutination immunoassay for anticardiolipin antibody detection in syphilis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4378-6288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayur R","family":"Shukla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W","family":"Deutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara E","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen N","family":"Kersh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yetunde F","family":"Fakile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2005.015875"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6404a1"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.3","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2018, 2019."},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/701906","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections in Canada: a sticky situation","volume":"22","author":"Fisman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00681-14"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/597580","article-title":"The laboratory diagnosis of syphilis","volume":"16","author":"Ratnam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.7","first-page":"2","volume-title":"A manual of tests for syphilis","volume":"9","author":"Larsen","year":"1998"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003347"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP0WOK0QDYGDCM"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2016.36.1.23"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32834e9a3c"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.12","first-page":"133","article-title":"Discordant results from reverse sequence syphilis screening--five laboratories, United States, 2006-2010","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.13","unstructured":"Tesic V . Reccent advances in syphilis testing, 2017. Available: https:\/\/wwwaaccorg\/publications\/cln\/articles\/2017\/december\/recent-advances-in-syphilis-testing"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2016-0110-CP"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.25.9.1711-1716.1987","article-title":"Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) antigen in syphilis","volume":"25","author":"Pedersen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.10.2300-2304.1989","article-title":"Visuwell reagin, a non-treponemal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serodiagnosis of syphilis","volume":"27","author":"White","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.17","unstructured":"Castro AR , Huiying H . Modified cardiolipin and their uses therefore. US patent number, 2011: B2."},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2019.114913","article-title":"Development of a syphilis serum bank to support research, development, and evaluation of syphilis diagnostic tests in the United States","volume":"96","author":"Shukla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024092304150705000_96.6.411.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007302"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054437","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T13:55:52Z","timestamp":1727099752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054437","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]}}}