{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:39:49Z","timestamp":1783489189720,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate rates of acute epididymitis diagnosed in Australian hospital settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Yearly hospital admission and emergency department (ED) rates of epididymitis as primary diagnoses were calculated for 15\u201344-year-old men for three states (Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland) from 2009 to 2014 using population denominators. Zero inflated Poisson regression models were used to analyse variation in rates by year, age, and residential area. Additionally, we investigated national epididymitis admission trends from 2009 to 2018 using generalised linear models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 2009 and 2014, there was a total of 7375 admissions and 17\u2009281 ED presentations for which epididymitis was the main reason for care. Most epididymitis diagnoses (94.0% in admissions, 99.7% in EDs) were without abscess, and 2.5% of admissions were for chlamydial epididymitis. Almost a quarter (23.3%) of epididymitis diagnosed in EDs resulted in hospital admission. In 2014, the epididymitis rate per 100 000 men was 38.7 in admissions and 91.9 in EDs. Comparing 2014 with 2009, the overall epididymitis diagnosis rate increased in admissions by 32% (adjusted incident rate ratio (aIRR) 1.32, 95%\u2009CI 1.20 to 1.44) and in ED attendances by 40% (aIRR 1.40, 95%\u2009CI 1.31 to 1.49). By age, the highest rates were among men 35\u201344 years in admissions and men 15\u201324 years in EDs. National admission rates of epididymitis during 2009\u20132018 showed a similar pattern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rates of epididymitis diagnosis in hospital admission and ED presentations increased. Different age-related rates in these settings suggest a different aetiology or differential severity by age group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T21:19:00Z","timestamp":1596057540000},"page":"387-390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Epididymitis rates in Australian hospitals 2009\u20132018: ecological analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5580-360X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane L","family":"Goller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alysha M","family":"De Livera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basil","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher K","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4725-0475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane S","family":"Hocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092104001016000_97.5.387.1","first-page":"583","article-title":"And orchitis: an overview","volume":"79","author":"Trojian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2024092104001016000_97.5.387.2","first-page":"1-137","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015","volume":"64","author":"Workowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2024092104001016000_97.5.387.3","unstructured":"The Kirby Institute . HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia. annual surveillance report 2018. Sydney NSW: The University of New South Wales, 2018."},{"key":"2024092104001016000_97.5.387.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051631"},{"key":"2024092104001016000_97.5.387.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.012807"},{"key":"2024092104001016000_97.5.387.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/095646206777323436"},{"key":"2024092104001016000_97.5.387.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053423"},{"key":"2024092104001016000_97.5.387.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31816-6"},{"key":"2024092104001016000_97.5.387.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH10101"},{"key":"2024092104001016000_97.5.387.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp10X532413"},{"key":"2024092104001016000_97.5.387.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1071\/SH14007","article-title":"'I demand to be treated as the person I am': experiences of accessing primary health care for Australian adults who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender or queer","volume":"11","author":"Koh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2024092104001016000_97.5.387.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1071\/AH11080","article-title":"Access to same day, next day and after-hours appointments: the views of Australian general practitioners","volume":"36","author":"Harris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Australian Health Review"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054473","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T11:00:33Z","timestamp":1726916433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054473"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054473","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]}}}