{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T19:41:36Z","timestamp":1783107696888,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1172873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1172873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1172900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1172900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1174555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1174555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a previous study of men attending Melbourne Sexual Health Centre who had<jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>detected by urine Aptima Combo 2 (AC2) testing, 11% were asymptomatic. This study aimed to determine whether<jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>can be cultured from asymptomatic men screening positive for<jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>by nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) of urine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 1 July 2017 and 31 March 2019, all men attending Melbourne Sexual Health Centre were tested for<jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>by AC2 testing of urine whether urethral symptoms were reported or not. NAAT-positive men were recalled and a urethral swab performed for gonococcal culture using modified Thayer-Martin media with determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) by agar dilution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 1001 cases (860 individuals) positive for<jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>by urine AC2: 892 (89%) reported urethral symptoms; 109 (11%) did not. Twenty-five asymptomatic cases were excluded because of antibiotic use at or following screening. Of the remaining 84 asymptomatic men, 41 (49%) had a urethral swab performed a median of 5 days after screening. Twenty-one men had urethral discharge at the return visit, 11 of whom reported the discharge at the return visit. Of the 41 men who were swabbed, 31 (76%; 95% CI 60% to 88%) were culture positive for<jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>. Among the 21 men who subsequently developed discharge, 19 (90%; 95% CI 70% to 99%) were culture positive. Among the 20 men who remained asymptomatic, 12 (60%; 95% CI 36% to 81%) were culture positive. MIC profiles were obtained from all isolates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gonorrhoea was isolated in most but not all asymptomatic men screening positive for<jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>by urine NAAT. Clinicians should consider performing urethral culture in such men to ensure optimal surveillance for antimicrobial resistance. Isolation of<jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>by culture in men without discharge indicates these are true infections with viable organisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T22:55:49Z","timestamp":1612220149000},"page":"139-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Culture obtained from urethral swab of asymptomatic men who screen positive for<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>by urine nucleic acid amplification testing"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Ayoma","family":"Ratnappuli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3686-9184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Bissessor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shehara","family":"Arumugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7363-6665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah A","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1766-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric P F","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9081-1664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher K","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5784-7403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason J","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vesna","family":"De Petra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus Y","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092104100597000_98.2.139.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486"},{"key":"2024092104100597000_98.2.139.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.02.020"},{"key":"2024092104100597000_98.2.139.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052950"},{"key":"2024092104100597000_98.2.139.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051756"},{"key":"2024092104100597000_98.2.139.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00185-12"},{"key":"2024092104100597000_98.2.139.6","first-page":"928","article-title":"The antimicrobial resistance containment and surveillance approach\u2014a public health tool","volume":"82","author":"Simonsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2024092104100597000_98.2.139.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05341-11"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054690","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T11:11:01Z","timestamp":1726917061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054690"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054690"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054690","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]}}}