{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T13:25:12Z","timestamp":1794230712822,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective cohort study aimed to determine the natural history and incidence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea and chlamydia among a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM) over a 12-week period, and to examine risk factors associated with incident oropharyngeal infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>MSM either aged \u226518 years and had a diagnosis of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) in the past 3\u2009months or aged 18\u201335 years who were HIV-negative taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) were eligible for this study. Enrolled men were followed up for 12 weeks. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected at week 0 (baseline) and week 12 (end of study). Between these time points, weekly saliva specimens and the number of tongue kissing, penile\u2013oral and insertive rimming partners were collected by post. Oropharyngeal swabs and saliva specimens were tested by NAAT for<jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>. Poisson regression was performed to examine the risk factors (weekly number of partners) associated with incident oropharyngeal gonorrhoea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 100 MSM were recruited. The incidence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea and chlamydia was 62 (95% CI 37 to 105) and 9 (95% CI 2 to 35)\/100 person-years, respectively. The median duration of incident oropharyngeal infection with gonorrhoea was 28 days (IQR=21\u201336, n=7). The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea increased with an increased number of kissing partners (IRR=1.08; 95%\u2009CI 1.03 to 1.12) an increased number of penile-oral sex partners (IRR=1.07, 95%\u2009CI 1.01 to 1.14) but not with an increased number of insertive rimming partners (IRR=1.11, 95%\u2009CI 0.96 to 1.29) or other demographic factors. The IRR and duration of incident oropharyngeal chlamydia were not calculated due to the small number of cases (n=2).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>MSM have a high incidence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea and the median duration of infection was less than 3\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T22:34:35Z","timestamp":1605738875000},"page":"452-458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Incidence and duration of incident oropharyngeal gonorrhoea and chlamydia infections among men who have sex with men: prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1766-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric P F","family":"Chow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3679-9195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenka A","family":"Vodstrcil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7363-6665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah A","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5213-1289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Maddaford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane S","family":"Hocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9157-4533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melinda","family":"Ashcroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vesna","family":"De Petra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catriona S","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9081-1664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher K","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092104100711000_97.6.452.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30043-8"},{"key":"2024092104100711000_97.6.452.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1071\/MA16058","article-title":"From zero to zero in 100 years: gonococcal antimicrobial resistance","volume":"37","author":"Lahra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol Aust"},{"key":"2024092104100711000_97.6.452.3","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) . Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013. Atlanta CDC; 2013. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/pdf\/threats-report\/2019-ar-threats-report-508.pdf [Accessed 25 August 2020]."},{"key":"2024092104100711000_97.6.452.4","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance. 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