{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:20:16Z","timestamp":1791199216719,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to increased use of pre-exposure prohylaxis (PrEP) and its potential to affect HIV screening of blood donors, we undertook antiretroviral residual testing among HIV-negative male donors in England.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Residual plasma samples were obtainnd from 46 male donors confirmed positive for syphilis and 96 donors who were repeat reactive for HIV antibodies in screening but confirmed as HIV-negative by reference testing. These were tested for concentrations of tenofovir and emtricitabine by high-performance liquid chromatograhpy coupled with mass spectrometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found evidence of pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP\/PEP) use in three male blood donors confirmed positive for syphilis (3 out of 46 screened, 6.5%). Two were estimated to have taken PrEP\/PEP within a day of donating, and the third within 2\u2009days. Two were new donors, whereas one had donated previously but acquired syphilis infection after his last donation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that a small proportion of blood donors have not been disclosing PrEP\/PEP use and therefore donating in non-compliance to donor eligibility criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2021-054981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T17:28:55Z","timestamp":1617038935000},"page":"132-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Evidence of HIV pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP\/PEP) among blood donors: a pilot study, England June 2018 to July 2019"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9154-4190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heli","family":"Harvala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samreen","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicki","family":"Maddox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujan Dilly","family":"Penchala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alieu","family":"Amara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Else","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Brailsford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saye","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900598","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.41.1900598","article-title":"Estimating the 'PrEP Gap': how implementation and access to PrEP differ between countries in Europe and Central Asia in 2019","volume":"24","author":"Hayes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011205"},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00056-2"},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506273"},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30256-3","article-title":"Same-day prescribing of daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention","volume":"8","author":"Rowan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.6","unstructured":"PrEP . Impact trial details. Available: https:\/\/www.prepimpacttrial.org.uk\/ [Accessed 9 Nov 2020]."},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30720-0","article-title":"PrEP finally approved on NHS in England","volume":"395","author":"Kirby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.8","unstructured":"O\u2019Halloran C , Sun S , Nash S . HIV in the United Kingdom: towards zero 2030. 2019 report. London: Public Health England, 2019."},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.9","article-title":"Effect of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on detection of early infection and its impact on the appropriate post-PrEP deferral period","author":"Seed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12790","article-title":"Undetectable does not equal untransmittable for HIV and blood transfusion","volume":"114","author":"Gosbell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006890","article-title":"HIV antiretroviral therapy and prevention use in US blood donors: a new blood safety concern","volume":"136","author":"Custer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14959","article-title":"Assessment of HIV transfusion transmission risk in South Africa: a 10-year analysis following implementation of individual donation nucleic acid amplification technology testing and donor demographics eligibility changes","volume":"59","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.13","unstructured":"Gov.UK . Safe supplies, 2018, monitor, inform, progress: Public Health England, 2019. Available: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/safe-suppliesannual-review"},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.14","unstructured":"Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) Steering Group . The 2019 annual SHOT report, 2020."},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001577"},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elliott T , Sanders EJ , Doherty M , et al . Challenges of HIV diagnosis and management in the context of pre\u2010exposure prophylaxis (PreP), post\u2010exposure prophylaxis (PEP), test and start and acute HIV infection: a scoping review. J Int AIDS Soc 2019;22.doi:10.1002\/jia2.25419","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25419"},{"key":"2024092104100587000_98.2.132.17","unstructured":"Foster K , Sullivan AK , Hughes G . Addressing the increase in syphilis in England: PHE action plan. 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