{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T01:03:26Z","timestamp":1793149406395,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center\/NIH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K01TW011187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01TW011187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>STIs remain a global public health problem with a high burden among pregnant women. STIs in pregnant women may lead to various adverse pregnancy outcomes. In most sub-Saharan African countries, syndromic management is used for screening and treatment of STIs. We aimed to update and summarise pooled prevalence of curable STIs and bacterial vaginosis (BV) among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic databases and reference lists of relevant published and unpublished studies were searched from March 2015 to October 2020. Studies were included if they<jats:italic>estimated prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>(CT),<jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>(TV),<jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>(NG),<jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>(syphilis),<jats:italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic>(MG) and BV among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Meta-analyses were performed with observed prevalences corrected for diagnostic errors to estimate the pooled prevalence of diagnosed infections by region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 48 studies met the inclusion criteria, providing 85-point prevalence estimates for curable STIs and BV. Pooled prevalence estimates (with 95% CI and number of women tested) were as follows: MG: 13.5% (4.0\u201327.2, n=1076); CT: 10.8% (6.9\u201315.5, n=6700); TV: 13.8% (10.0\u201318.0, n=9264); NG: 3.3% (2.1\u20134.7, n=6019); syphilis: 2.9% (2.0\u20134.0, n=95 308) and BV: 36.6% (27.1\u201346.6, n=5042). By region, BV was the most prevalent and ranged from 28.5% (24.5\u201332.8, n=1030) in Eastern Africa to 52.4% (33.5\u201370.9, n=2305) in Southern Africa; NG had the lowest prevalence, ranging from 1.4% (95% CI 0.1 to 3.1, n=367) in Central Africa to 4.4% (95% CI 2.6 to 6.4, n=4042) in Southern Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of curable STIs and BV in sub-Saharan Africa is substantial in pregnant women but most prevalent in Southern Africa where HIV prevalence is highest. It is crucial to integrate screening of curable STIs into antenatal care programmes that have previously focused on diagnosis and treatment of syphilis and HIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2021-055057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T18:32:39Z","timestamp":1639074759000},"page":"484-491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Prevalence of curable STIs and bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3391-3223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorothy Chiwoniso","family":"Nyemba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eposi C","family":"Haddison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh Francis","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Landon","family":"Myer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dvora Joseph","family":"Davey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023100200001647000_98.7.484.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001199","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in HIV-infected pregnant women and adverse infant outcomes","volume":"35","author":"Adachi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2023100200001647000_98.7.484.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2002.004077"},{"key":"2023100200001647000_98.7.484.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darville T , ed. Chlamydia trachomatis infections in neonates and young children. Seminars in pediatric infectious diseases. 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Prevalence and correlates of sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy in HIV-infected and-uninfected women in Cape town, South Africa. PLoS One 2019;14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218349"},{"key":"2023100200001647000_98.7.484.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3946862","article-title":"Acceptability and feasibility of integrating point-of-care diagnostic testing of sexually transmitted infections into a South African antenatal care program for HIV-infected pregnant women","volume":"2018","author":"Morikawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023100200001647000_98.7.484.14","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Global Health Sector Strategy on Sexually transmmitted infections 2016 - 2021 : Towards ending STIs 2016."},{"key":"2023100200001647000_98.7.484.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7808179","article-title":"Asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy and missed opportunities for treatment: a cross-sectional observational study","volume":"2019","author":"Joyisa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023100200001647000_98.7.484.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002511"},{"key":"2023100200001647000_98.7.484.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283021a37"},{"key":"2023100200001647000_98.7.484.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175166","article-title":"High prevalence of curable sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women in a rural County hospital in Kilifi, Kenya","volume":"12","author":"Masha","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023100200001647000_98.7.484.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/462427"},{"key":"2023100200001647000_98.7.484.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.3428"},{"key":"2023100200001647000_98.7.484.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000460"},{"key":"2023100200001647000_98.7.484.22","unstructured":"Nyemba DC JDD , Johnson L , Myer L . 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Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2019."},{"key":"2023100200001647000_98.7.484.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-053071"},{"key":"2023100200001647000_98.7.484.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026888"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2021-055057","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T07:02:47Z","timestamp":1696230167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2021-055057"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2021-055057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2021-055057","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]}}}