{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:06:20Z","timestamp":1790665580359,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Central Research Institute of Epidemiology","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AAAA-A19-119-021290030-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AAAA-A19-119-021290030-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance in <jats:italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic> (MG) is a poorly surveyed and controlled global health concern. We evaluated the first commercial dual resistance assay, AmpliSens <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>-ML\/FQ-Resist-FL assay, for detection of potential macrolide and quinolone resistance-associated mutations (MRAMs and QRAMs, respectively) and estimated the prevalence of these mutations in MG in St. Petersburg, Russia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urogenital samples positive (n=145 from 2007 to 2020) and negative (n=56 from 2021) for MG in routine diagnostics were retrospectively analysed using the AmpliSens <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>-ML\/FQ-Resist-FL assay (Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russia) and Sanger sequencing for validation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The AmpliSens <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>-ML\/FQ-Resist-FL assay detected potential MRAMs and QRAMs with sensitivities of 100% (CI95% 83.9 to 100) and 92.3% (CI95% 66.7 to 99.6) and specificities of 99.2% (CI95% 95.6 to 100) and 100% (CI95% 97.2 to 100), respectively, in clinical specimens with \u22651000\u2009MG geq\/mL. In total, MRAMs were detected in 13.8% (CI95% 9.1 to 20.3) of samples, with 23S rRNA A2058G being the most prevalent mutation (45.0% (CI95% 25.8 to 65.8)). QRAMs were found in 9.0% (CI95% 5.3 to 14.7) of samples, with S83I the most frequent mutation (53.8% (CI95% 29.1 to 76.8)). Dual resistance was observed in 5.5% (CI95% 2.8 to 10.5) of samples. Potential MRAM and dual resistance rates significantly increased over time: from 0% in 2007\u20132008 to 25% (p<jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>=0.0009) and 10% (p<jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>=0.0447), respectively, in 2018\u20132020. QRAM rate appeared to increase (from 0% to 13%), but significance was not reached (p<jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>=0.0605).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rapid increase in MG antimicrobial resistance in St. Petersburg, especially prominent for MRAMs, necessitates implementation of macrolide resistance-guided therapy in Russia. The first commercial dual resistance assay, AmpliSens <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>-ML\/FQ-Resist-FL assay, was sensitive and specific for detection of potential MRAMs and QRAMs and could be valuable in macrolide resistance-guided therapies and possibly for surveillance of QRAMs. International surveillance of antimicrobial resistance-associated mutations in MG, further research into clinical relevance of several <jats:italic>parC<\/jats:italic> mutations and novel treatments are essential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2021-055249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T17:22:12Z","timestamp":1655400132000},"page":"sextrans-2021-055249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Performance of the first commercial dual resistance assay, AmpliSens <i>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/i>-ML\/FQ-Resist-FL, for detection of potential macrolide and quinolone resistance-associated mutations and prevalence of <i>M. genitalium<\/i> resistance mutations in St. Petersburg, Russia"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Shipitsyna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Khusnutdinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Budilovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizaveta","family":"Shedko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Goloveshkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guzel","family":"Khayrullina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Krysanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3002-3874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kira","family":"Shalepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alevtina","family":"Savicheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1710-2081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magnus","family":"Unemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022061610202168000_sextrans-2021-055249v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17972"},{"key":"2022061610202168000_sextrans-2021-055249v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30154-7"},{"key":"2022061610202168000_sextrans-2021-055249v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01432-20","article-title":"Evaluation of the SpeeDx MG parC (Beta) PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium Quinolone Resistance-Associated Mutations","volume":"58","author":"Sweeney","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2022061610202168000_sextrans-2021-055249v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175763"},{"key":"2022061610202168000_sextrans-2021-055249v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-021-04170-0"},{"key":"2022061610202168000_sextrans-2021-055249v1.6","unstructured":"Urogenital infections caused by Mycoplasma genitalium. Available: http:\/\/antimicrob.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016_-Rekom.-Ross.-obshhestva-dermatovenerologov_Zabolevaniya-vyzv.-Mycoplasma-genitalium.pdf [Accessed 18 Apr 2022]."},{"key":"2022061610202168000_sextrans-2021-055249v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.2.460-465.2004"},{"key":"2022061610202168000_sextrans-2021-055249v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001132"},{"key":"2022061610202168000_sextrans-2021-055249v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz550"},{"key":"2022061610202168000_sextrans-2021-055249v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001035"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2021-055249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T17:22:18Z","timestamp":1655400138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2021-055249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2021-055249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2021-055249","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]}}}