{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T15:34:39Z","timestamp":1782401679279,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common STI and is associated with a wide range of diseases from anogenital warts to malignancies. Anal HPV infection is considerably more common in men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. Aims of the present study are to (i) describe the prevalence of anal HPV infection in MSM who started pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and (ii) analyse factors associated with anal infection from genotypes that would be covered by nonavalent vaccination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This monocentric, cross-sectional study included all subjects who started PrEP from May 2018 to November 2021. PrEP candidates underwent full behavioural and clinical evaluation, including digital anal rectal examination and swabbing for HPV determination. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test for continuous and \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> tests for categorical variables were adopted. Unadjusted and adjusted regression analyses were performed to assess factors associated with positive anal swabs and to the presence of genotypes covered by the nonavalent vaccination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis included 288 subjects: anal swabs tested positive in 87.2% of cases, 79.2% of the subjects had a high-risk genotype (mainly 16), whereas 67.4% had a genotype covered by nonavalent vaccine. Sexual role was the only factor associated with anal HPV infection. Use of recreational drugs and a diagnosis of \u22652 STIs correlated with the presence of genotypes that would have been covered by vaccine, while previous vaccination had a protective role.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PrEP candidates showed a high prevalence of anal HPV infection, especially due to high-risk genotypes, comparable to what has been reported in MSM living with HIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2022-055447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T05:45:52Z","timestamp":1658987152000},"page":"sextrans-2022-055447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["High prevalence of anal papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men PrEP users"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Rossotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Nava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Baiguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Calzavara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"D\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Fanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas Brian","family":"Bana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Vismara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Cernuschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Scaglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Puoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2017.08.006"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.04.023"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.04.003"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.4","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer . Biological agents. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, vol 100B, 2012: 255\u201396. http:\/\/monographs.iarc.fr\/ENG\/Monographs\/vol100B\/ index.php"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30716"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.6","first-page":"924","article-title":"International trends in anal cancer incidence rates","volume":"46","author":"Islami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji072"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp205"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70080-3"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy556"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.06.088"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.12","unstructured":"Wikivaccini . 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Linee guida italiane sull\u2019utilizzo della terapia antiretrovirale e la gestione diagnostico-clinica delle persone con infezione da HIV-1 Edizione; 2017. https:\/\/www.salute.gov.it\/imgs\/C_17_pubblicazioni_2696_allegato.pdf"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318256b2f6"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001885"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1701-1"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.18","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections on the rise in PreP users","volume":"20","author":"Barreiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy182"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2252-9"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz291"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.22","first-page":"41","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of human papillomavirus infection in men having sex with men enrolled in a pre-exposure prophylaxis study: a sub-study of the agence nationale de recherches sur le SIDA et les h\u00e9patites virales \"intervention pr\u00e9ventive de l'Exposition aux risques avec et pour les hommes gays\" Trial","volume":"72","author":"Cotte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25110","article-title":"Evidence of synergistic relationships between HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV): systematic reviews and meta-analyses of longitudinal studies of HPV acquisition and clearance by HIV status, and of HIV acquisition by HPV status","volume":"21","author":"Looker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/344057"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02051199"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.36121"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S134","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.Supplement_2.S134","article-title":"The development and use of the concept of a sexually transmitted disease core","volume":"174 Suppl 2","author":"Thomas","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)90405-1"},{"key":"2022072722424822000_sextrans-2022-055447v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21368"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2022-055447","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T05:46:00Z","timestamp":1658987160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2022-055447"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2022-055447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2022-055447","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]}}}