{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:15:33Z","timestamp":1774685733095,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined sexual behaviour, sexually transmitted infection (STI) and HIV testing and testing need, and identified associated factors, among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in the UK after COVID-19 restrictions ended, and compared these with \u2018pre-pandemic\u2019 estimates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed survey data from GBMSM (N=1039) recruited via social media and Grindr in November\u2013December 2021. We then compared Grindr-recruited 2021 participants (N=437) with those from an equivalent survey fielded in March\u2013May 2017 (N=1902). Questions on sexual behaviour and service use had lookback periods of 3\u20134\u2009months in both surveys. Unmet testing need was defined as reporting any new male and\/or multiple condomless anal sex (CAS) partners without recent STI\/HIV testing. Participants were UK residents, GBMSM, aged \u226516 years who reported sex with men in the last year. Multivariable logistic regression identified associated sociodemographic and health-related factors with unmet STI\/HIV testing need in 2021, and then for 2017\/2021 comparative analyses, adjusting for demographic differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2021, unmet STI and HIV testing need were greater among older GBMSM (aged \u226545 years vs 16\u201329 years; adjusted OR (aOR): 1.45 and aOR: 1.77, respectively), and lower for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users (vs non-PrEP users; aOR: 0.32 and aOR: 0.23, respectively). Less unmet STI testing need was observed among HIV-positive participants (vs HIV-negative\/unknown; aOR: 0.63), and trans and non-binary participants (vs cisgender male; aOR: 0.34). Between 2017 (reference) and 2021, reported sexual risk behaviours increased: \u22651 recent new male sex partner (72.1%\u201381.1%, aOR: 1.71) and \u22652 recent CAS partners (30.2%\u201348.5%, aOR: 2.22). Reporting recent STI testing was greater in 2021 (37.5%\u201342.6%, aOR: 1.34) but not recent HIV testing, and there was no significant change over time in unmet STI (39.2% vs 43.7%) and HIV (32.9% vs 39.0%) testing need.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparable community surveys suggest that UK resident GBMSM may have engaged in more sexual risk behaviours in late 2021 than pre-pandemic. While there was no evidence of reduced STI\/HIV service access during this time, there remained considerable unmet STI\/HIV testing need.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2022-055689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T10:20:44Z","timestamp":1678962044000},"page":"467-473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Sexual behaviour, STI and HIV testing and testing need among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men recruited for online surveys pre\/post-COVID-19 restrictions in the UK"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1334-8658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack RG","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6832-2418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0597-6614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison R","family":"Howarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2060-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamish","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9658-7798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2500-9119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caisey V","family":"Pulford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1900-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana","family":"Ogaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2090-7702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gwenda","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4220-5034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine H","family":"Mercer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023101702050775000_99.7.467.1","first-page":"956462417746897","article-title":"2016 United Kingdom national guideline on the sexual health care of men who have sex with men","volume":"0","author":"Clutterbuck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2023101702050775000_99.7.467.2","unstructured":"Prime Minister\u2019s Office . 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