{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T12:30:00Z","timestamp":1770985800072,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impact of the systematic screening of<jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>(NG) and<jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>(CT) in men having sex with men (MSM) on these pathogens\u2019 epidemiology remains unclear. We conducted a modelling study to analyse this impact in French MSM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We modelled NG and CT transmission using a site-specific deterministic compartmental model. We calibrated NG and CT prevalence at baseline using results from MSM enrolled in the Dat\u2019AIDS cohort. The baseline scenario was based on 1\u2009million MSM, 40\u2009000 of whom were tested every 90 days and 960\u2009000 every 200 days. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) at steady state were simulated for NG, CT, NG and\/or CT infections, for different combinations of tested sites, testing frequency and numbers of frequently tested patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The observed prevalence rate was 11.0%, 10.5% and 19.1% for NG, CT and NG and\/or CT infections. The baseline incidence rate was estimated at 138.2 per year per 100 individuals (\/100PY), 86.8\/100PY and 225.0\/100PY for NG, CT and NG and\/or CT infections. Systematically testing anal, pharyngeal and urethral sites at the same time reduced incidence by 14%, 23% and 18% (IRR: 0.86, 0.77 and 0.82) for NG, CT and NG and\/or CT infections. Reducing the screening interval to 60 days in frequently tested patients reduced incidence by 20%, 29% and 24% (IRR: 0.80, 0.71 and 0.76) for NG, CT and NG and\/or CT infections. Increasing the number of frequently tested patients to 200\u2009000 reduced incidence by 29%, 40% and 33% (IRR: 0.71, 0.60 and 0.67) for NG, CT and NG and\/or CT infections. No realistic scenario could decrease pathogens\u2019 incidence by more than 50%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>To curb the epidemic of NG and CT in MSM, it would not only be necessary to drastically increase screening, but also to add other combined interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2023-056103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T17:23:19Z","timestamp":1716571399000},"page":"349-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Epidemiological impact of<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>and<i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>screening in men having sex with men: a modelling study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"100","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02898987","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Julien","family":"Flaig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2264-4822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Hocqueloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0047-0101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Palich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6345-497X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lise","family":"Cuzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Robineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7782-2665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyrille","family":"Delpierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Voirin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4063-9250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Cotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7005a1"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462415618837"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956462420949126","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420949126","article-title":"European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of Gonorrhoea in adults","volume":"095646242094912","author":"Unemo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462415615443"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462419886775"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001108","article-title":"The potential population-level impact of different Gonorrhea screening strategies in Baltimore and San Francisco: an exploratory mathematical modeling analysis","volume":"47","author":"R\u00f6nn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e271","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(18)30071-9","article-title":"Changes in Chlamydia prevalence and duration of infection estimated from testing and diagnosis rates in England: a model-based analysis using surveillance data, 2000\u201315","volume":"3","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix439"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054741"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053943"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818000092"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.12","unstructured":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France . Bulletin de Sant\u00e9 Publique VIH-IST. 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.santepubliquefrance.fr\/maladies-et-traumatismes\/infections-sexuellement-transmissibles\/vih-sida\/documents\/bulletin-national\/bulletin-de-sante-publique-vih-ist.-decembre-2022 [Accessed 27 Dec 2023]."},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100742","article-title":"Epidemiology and determinants of Reemerging bacterial sexually transmitted infections (Stis) and emerging Stis in Europe","volume":"34","author":"Mitj\u00e0","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.14","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency . Sexually transmitted infections and screening for chlamydia in England: 2022 report, Available: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis-annual-data-tables\/sexually-transmitted-infections-and-screening-for-chlamydia-in-england-2022-report [Accessed 27 Dec 2023]."},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.15","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . National Overview of STDs, 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/statistics\/2021\/overview.htm#Gonorrhea [Accessed 27 Dec 2023]."},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.16","unstructured":"Kirby Institute UNSW . HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia: Annual surveillance report 2023, Available: https:\/\/www.kirby.unsw.edu.au\/research\/reports\/asr2023 [Accessed 27 Dec 2023]."},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.17","unstructured":"Haute Autorit\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9 . R\u00e9\u00e9valuation de la strat\u00e9gie de d\u00e9pistage des infections \u00e0 Chlamydia trachomatis, Available: https:\/\/www.has-sante.fr\/upload\/docs\/application\/pdf\/2018-10\/synthese_reevaluation_de_la_strategie_de_depistage_des_infections_a_chlamydia_trachomatis.pdf [Accessed 27 Dec 2023]."},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2009.00719.x"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz510","article-title":"Optimizing strategies for Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae screening in men who have sex with men: A modeling study","volume":"70","author":"Voirin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278016","article-title":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis in France: how many MSM are eligible and how much will it cost","volume":"17","author":"Ousseine","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Granich R , Gupta S , Garner A , et al . Review of UNAIDS national estimates of men who have sex with men, gay dating application users, and 90-90-90 data. Epidemiology [Preprint] 2017. doi:10.1101\/186163","DOI":"10.1101\/186163"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31824717ae"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318284e544"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30725-9"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2211934"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00812-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of a Serogroup B outer membrane Vesicle Meningococcal vaccine against Gonorrhoea: a retrospective observational study","volume":"22","author":"Abara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1341","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac436","article-title":"Prevention of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae with Meningococcal B vaccine: A matched cohort study in Southern California","volume":"76","author":"Bruxvoort","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00744-1","article-title":"Public health impact and cost-effectiveness of Gonorrhoea vaccination: an integrated transmission-dynamic health-economic Modelling analysis","volume":"22","author":"Whittles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000876","article-title":"Estimated impact of screening on Gonorrhea epidemiology in the United States: insights from a mathematical model","volume":"45","author":"Tuite","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2024081910401006000_100.6.349.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248582","article-title":"Changes in the prevalence of self-reported sexually transmitted bacterial infections from 2010 and 2017 in two large European samples of men having sex with men\u2013is it time to re-evaluate STI-screening as a control strategy","volume":"16","author":"Marcus","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2023-056103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T23:35:54Z","timestamp":1732059354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2023-056103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2023-056103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2023-056103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]}}}