{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:28:29Z","timestamp":1792787309862,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"name":"UAB Heersink School of Medicine","award":["2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n We aimed to investigate the early natural history of\n Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n in men recently testing positive for this infection by a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). We hypothesised that 50% of men would spontaneously resolve their infection (in the absence of treatment) on repeat\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n NAAT.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Men ages \u226518 years at the Jefferson County Health Department Sexual Health Clinic testing positive for\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n by NAAT during standard-of-care (SOC) within the past 30 days and presenting to the clinic for treatment were approached. At enrolment, participants completed a questionnaire, provided urine for repeat\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n NAAT, and were treated with 2\u2009g oral metronidazole. Those with a repeat positive enrolment NAAT were seen for a 4-week test-of-cure (TOC) visit. At TOC, men provided urine for repeat NAAT. We determined the proportion of men with spontaneous resolution of\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n and evaluated predictors of spontaneous resolution. In those with a repeat positive enrolment\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n NAAT, we evaluated the proportion with persistent infection at TOC as a secondary outcome.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Between October 2021 and January 2023, 53 men with a recent positive SOC\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n NAAT were approached; 37 (69.8%) participated. The mean participant age was 32.9 years (SD 9.9); all identified as Black. The majority (97.3%) reported sex with women only; 35.1% reported sex with >1 partner in the last month. At enrolment, 26\/37 (70.3%) had a repeat positive\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n NAAT in the absence of treatment after an average of 8.4\u2009days (SD 5.9). Sexual partner gender, number of recent sexual partners, genital symptoms, unprotected sex with any partner and recent antibiotic use were not associated with spontaneous resolution. Of the 26 men attending a TOC visit, 17 (65.4%) returned and all except one (94.1%) were cured.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Most men do not spontaneously clear\n T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n infection during early repeat testing.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2024-056160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T13:44:19Z","timestamp":1719495859000},"page":"450-453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Spontaneous resolution of\n Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i>\n infection in men"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9362-6234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia T.","family":"Van Gerwen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9285-7321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristal J.","family":"Aaron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia J.","family":"Kissinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4005-3858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina A.","family":"Muzny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101702550757000_100.7.450.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab514"},{"key":"2024101702550757000_100.7.450.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16774"},{"key":"2024101702550757000_100.7.450.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01177-x"},{"key":"2024101702550757000_100.7.450.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)36414-5"},{"key":"2024101702550757000_100.7.450.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq074"},{"key":"2024101702550757000_100.7.450.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7005a1"},{"key":"2024101702550757000_100.7.450.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu446"},{"key":"2024101702550757000_100.7.450.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00264-21","article-title":"Trichomonas Vaginalis detection in Urogenital specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic men and women by use of the Cobas TV\/MG test","volume":"59","author":"Van Der Pol","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024101702550757000_100.7.450.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.10.005","article-title":"Comparison of APTIMA Trichomonas Vaginalis transcription-mediated amplification to wet mount microscopy, culture, and polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of Trichomoniasis in men and women","volume":"200","author":"Nye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2024101702550757000_100.7.450.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac030"},{"key":"2024101702550757000_100.7.450.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001892"},{"key":"2024101702550757000_100.7.450.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1806.111590"},{"key":"2024101702550757000_100.7.450.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00814-06"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2024-056160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T12:17:22Z","timestamp":1729167442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2024-056160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2024-056160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2024-056160","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]}}}