{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T06:03:30Z","timestamp":1782540210030,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outbreaks of invasive<jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>subtype C in networks of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) have been reported. We aimed to explore any factors seen in MSM with invasive<jats:italic>N.meningitidis<\/jats:italic>subtype C.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched three bibliographical databases for manuscripts written in English exploring at least one factor seen in MSM with invasive<jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>subtype C published up to May 2024. Following an initial search, removal of duplicates and abstract review, two authors independently reviewed full-text manuscripts and performed a risk of bias assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute toolkit. Narrative data were synthesised to generate themes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>16 manuscripts were included in this review from the USA (n=10), Germany (n=2), France (n=2), Canada (n=1) and Italy (n=1) and consisted of nine case series, four cross-sectional studies, two case reports and one case\u2013control study published between 2003 and 2024 involving 236 MSM with invasive<jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>subtype C, of which at least 64 died. We have highlighted some demographic (African-American or Hispanic identity in the USA, living with HIV), behavioural (kissing, sharing drinks, visiting sex-on-premises venues, visiting gay-oriented venues, using websites\/mobile phone apps to meet sexual partners, recreational drug use, multiple and non-regular sexual partners) and infection (previous<jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>, Mpox) factors in MSM with invasive<jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>subtype C.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data serve as an important resource to inform and target future public health strategies and outbreak control measures for the prevention of invasive<jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>subtype C in MSM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title><jats:p>CRD42024543551.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2024-056269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T17:20:24Z","timestamp":1726161624000},"page":"125-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Invasive<i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i>subtype C in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men: a systematic 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