{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:51:23Z","timestamp":1792759883684,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aims to investigate the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic and management patterns of ocular syphilis in South Korea.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective nationwide cohort study analysed health claim data from 2010 to 2019 for individuals aged \u226520 years diagnosed with syphilis, with follow-up through 2021. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence and prevalence rates were calculated for ocular conditions including anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis, panuveitis and optic neuritis. Diagnostic and management trends were evaluated, and multivariate Cox regression analyses assessed the impact of demographic factors and comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From 2010 to 2019, the incidence rate of syphilis increased from 99.1 to 136.1 per 100\u2009000. Among the 448\u2009085 syphilis cases, 5118 developed anterior uveitis, 777 posterior uveitis, 551 panuveitis and 80 optic neuritis. While all types of uveitis showed increasing trends, anterior uveitis exhibited the steepest rise from 0.18 per 100\u2009000 in 2010 to 1.40 per 100\u2009000 in 2021. Diagnostic practices for ocular syphilis included 80.4% for dilated fundus examination, 73.7% for fundus photography and 11.0% for fluorescein angiography. Laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy were performed in 5.7% and 4.5% of patients with uveitis, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that each additional year of age increased the risk for anterior and posterior uveitis by 4% and optic neuritis by 2%. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia increased the risk of one or more ocular syphilis manifestations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 2010\u20132019, the incidence of syphilis in South Korea significantly increased, with rates higher than previous studies. Age, sex and metabolic comorbidities were associated with an increased risk of ocular syphilis. These results indicate the need for vigilance in screening for ocular syphilis, and the importance of comprehensive eye examinations in patients with syphilis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2024-056417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T13:20:34Z","timestamp":1738329634000},"page":"313-319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Trends in syphilis and syphilitic uveitis among South Korean adults in 2010\u20132019: a nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4026-3502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"EunAh","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea (the Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8828-839X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soorack","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)"},{"name":"Biostatical Consulting and Research Lab, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2110-1874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su Jeong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)"},{"name":"Biomedical Institute for Convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea (the Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) . Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2019 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/stats19\/syphilis.htm [Accessed 1 Sep 2024]."},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004711","article-title":"The Global Epidemiology of Syphilis in the Past Century - A Systematic Review Based on Antenatal Syphilis Prevalence","volume":"10","author":"Kenyon","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2017.1371765"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.4","unstructured":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) . Annual report on infectious disease notifications 2010-2019. Available: https:\/\/dportal.kdca.go.kr\/pot\/bbs\/BD_selectBbsList.do?q_bbsSn=1010&q_clsfNo=1 [Accessed 3 Sep 2024]."},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v48i23a01"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0010-2022","article-title":"Burden of syphilis in Brazil and federated units, 1990-2016: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"55","author":"Bezerra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) . Morbidity and mortality weekly report 2014. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm6318a4.htm?s_ci#tab [Accessed 1 Sep 2024]."},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) . Table 25. primary and secondary syphilis \u2014 reported cases and rates of reported cases by age group and sex, 2018\u20132022: CDC. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/statistics\/2022\/tables\/25.htm [Accessed 1 Sep 2024]."},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.9","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control . Surveillance report: sexually transmitted infections in Europe 1990-2010 2011. Available: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/en\/publications\/Publications\/201206-Sexually-Transmitted-Infections-Europe-2010.pdf [Accessed 3 Sep 2024]."},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.10","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control . Syphilis: annual epidemiological report for 2022. 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/SYPH_AER_2022_Report_0.pdf [Accessed 1 Sep 2024]."},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-08-23-6943"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14500"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.13","unstructured":"National Center for HIV VH, STD, and TB Prevention (U.S.). Division of STD Prevention . Sexually transmitted infections surveillance 2022: cdc. 2024. Available: https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/147166\/cdc_147166_DS1.pdf [Accessed 1 Sep 2024]."},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.10.057"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700687"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2022.038"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.179"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2019.05.009"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2023.2290836","article-title":"Prevalence of uveitis in syphilis patients in Taiwan","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.10.056"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-024-00435-9","article-title":"Persistent syphilitic ocular manifestations despite treatment: a case series","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002372"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05485"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-020-01009-3","article-title":"Identification of key genes and pathways in syphilis combined with diabetes: a bioinformatics study","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2015.11.011"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.563213"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01852.x"},{"key":"2025071705300637000_101.5.313.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.04.011"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2024-056417","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T12:30:19Z","timestamp":1752755419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2024-056417"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2024-056417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2024-056417","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]}}}