{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:26:05Z","timestamp":1786969565028,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,17]],"date-time":"2025-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755388800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Office of Public Health","award":["Reference number: 142005602\/332.3-53\/41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Reference number: 142005602\/332.3-53\/41"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Reference number; 310030_179391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Reference number; 310030_179391"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CT) and\n                      <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (NG) are the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infections globally. Anorectal CT\/NG detection among men who have sex with men (MSM) and coinfections is common. Epidemiological studies suggest that CT\/NG coinfections might result in greater bacterial load and transmissibility than single infection. The purpose of this study was to compare bacterial load and symptoms between CT\/NG single and coinfections in MSM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MSM positive for CT or NG on a triple swab (throat, urethra and rectal locations combined) were enrolled. Before treatment, they self-collected anorectal swabs. Bacterial loads for CT\/NG were calculated using real-time PCR and compared between single or coinfected individuals, with or without rectal symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 382 MSM from December 2021 to December 2024. Among all samples: total CT (n=114), total NG (n=125), CT\/NG coinfection 29\/382 (7.6%). The bacterial loads in single and coinfected samples were comparable. The mean difference between CT alone and CT\/NG was 0.40 target copies\/mL (95% CI (\u22120.09 to 0.89), p value=0.107). The mean difference for NG alone and CT\/NG was 0.24 copies\/mL (95%\u2009CI (\u22120.49 to 0.99), p value=0.498). Among 382 MSM, 15.4% (n=59\/382) experienced anorectal symptoms. There was no statistical difference in bacterial burdens between symptomatic and asymptomatic (CT difference of the means 0.52 copies\/mL, 95%\u2009CI (\u22120.51 to 1.55); p value=0.313) (NG difference of the means 0.63, CI (0.01 to 1.28); p value=0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In contrast to prior research, we found similar bacterial burdens in anorectal MSM samples with single CT\/NG versus coinfection. Further research is needed to understand the clinical implications of CT\/NG coinfections. Future studies should investigate factors influencing anorectal CT\/NG bacterial burden, transmissibility and susceptibility, including the function of pre-exposure prophylaxis and the rectal microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2025-056579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,17]],"date-time":"2025-08-17T22:15:19Z","timestamp":1755468919000},"page":"47-50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n                    bacterial loads in men who have sex with men on pre-exposure prophylaxis: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4497-4339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Rayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chlamydia Group, University of Zurich Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Malingamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chlamydia Group, University of Zurich Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chlamydia Group, University of Zurich Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delia","family":"Onorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chlamydia Group, University of Zurich Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cory Ann","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chlamydia Group, University of Zurich Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4817-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Hampel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Global Health, University of Zurich Institute of Epidemiology Biostatistics and Prevention, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Borel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chlamydia Group, University of Zurich Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081704400944000_102.1.47.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486"},{"key":"2026081704400944000_102.1.47.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31820ff9a4"},{"key":"2026081704400944000_102.1.47.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2023-055977"},{"key":"2026081704400944000_102.1.47.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.2947"},{"key":"2026081704400944000_102.1.47.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001803"},{"key":"2026081704400944000_102.1.47.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003676"},{"key":"2026081704400944000_102.1.47.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.12.038"},{"key":"2026081704400944000_102.1.47.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.15.152"},{"key":"2026081704400944000_102.1.47.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/760218"},{"key":"2026081704400944000_102.1.47.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.190116","article-title":"Characterization and Trend of Co-Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis from the Korean National Infectious Diseases Surveillance Database","volume":"39","author":"Seo","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2025-056579","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T11:40:33Z","timestamp":1786966833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2025-056579"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,17]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2025-056579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2025-056579","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.02.25.25322838","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,17]]}}}