{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:52:16Z","timestamp":1787068336886,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017035","name":"Center for AIDS Research, Johns Hopkins University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AI094189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI094189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AI125086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AI125086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI143333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI143333"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI177132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI177132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH107275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH107275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH115799"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH115799"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Partner-level sexually transmitted infection (STI) data from eastern Africa are rare, despite high STI burden. To address this gap, we examined STI prevalence and clustering among cohabiting couples in two high HIV-burden Ugandan communities, representing the largest population-based, couple-level STI study in the region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed data from the Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevalence Study (STIPS), a cross-sectional, population-based study in southern Uganda which tested participants for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomonas, syphilis, high-titre syphilis and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2). We restricted the present analysis to STIPS participants in a cohabiting sexual relationship. Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all STIs by partner\u2019s infection status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 423 cohabiting heterosexual couples, at least one partner tested positive for a curable STI (chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomonas or high-titre syphilis) in 37% of couples. STIs were strongly clustered within partner dyads. For example, female participants with male partners with gonorrhoea had increased prevalence of not only gonorrhoea (PR 10.4, 95% CI 6.4 to 16.8) but also HIV (PR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5 to 3.2), chlamydia (PR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.7), trichomonas (PR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.7) and HSV-2 (PR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Partners of individuals with an STI are more likely to have a curable STI, which may be the same or may be a different pathogen; broad screening of partners could be essential to curbing transmission and preventing reinfection. Comprehensive couple-based approaches, including partner notification, treatment and counselling strategies, are critical for reducing STI disease burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2025-056709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T10:35:20Z","timestamp":1765535720000},"page":"387-390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and co-occurrence of sexually transmitted infections among heterosexual couples in southern Uganda: a population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2830-946X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle Anne","family":"Moffa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin D","family":"Peer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Tobian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Mpagazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Central Region, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8619-5598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukari Carol","family":"Manabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1021-3195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte A","family":"Gaydos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6820-063X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin E","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Central Region, Uganda"},{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Ssekubugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Central Region, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Central Region, Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godfrey","family":"Kigozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Central Region, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry W","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Central Region, Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Central Region, Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kagaayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Central Region, Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Central Region, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary K","family":"Grabowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Central Region, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3702-5722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald Moses","family":"Galiwango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Central Region, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081808050877000_102.6.387.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-016-9360-3","article-title":"Risky Sexual Behaviour Among Married and Cohabiting Women and its Implication for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Mahikeng, South Africa","volume":"20","author":"Osuafor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sexuality & Culture"},{"key":"2026081808050877000_102.6.387.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-19","article-title":"Partner notification for sexually transmitted infections in developing countries: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Alam","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026081808050877000_102.6.387.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26075","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26075","article-title":"Strategies to increase couples HIV testing and counselling in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Hampanda","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"2026081808050877000_102.6.387.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH19092"},{"key":"2026081808050877000_102.6.387.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0739-1","article-title":"Integration of antenatal syphilis screening in an urban HIV clinic: a feasibility study","volume":"15","author":"Manabe","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026081808050877000_102.6.387.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008276","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections among HIV-1-discordant couples","volume":"4","author":"Guthrie","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026081808050877000_102.6.387.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1825","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00424-7","article-title":"The HIV and sexually transmitted infection syndemic following mass scale-up of combination HIV interventions in two communities in southern Uganda: a population-based cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Grabowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2026081808050877000_102.6.387.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trovato E , Tognetti L , Campoli M , et al . Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment: State of The Art. EMJ 2021. doi:10.33590\/emj\/20-00221","DOI":"10.33590\/emj\/20-00221"},{"key":"2026081808050877000_102.6.387.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S178","DOI":"10.1086\/652400","article-title":"Protective immunity to Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection: evidence from human studies","volume":"201 Suppl 2","author":"Batteiger","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026081808050877000_102.6.387.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001626","article-title":"Nearly half of adults with symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) did not seek clinical care: A population-based study of treatment-seeking behavior among adults in Rakai, Uganda","volume":"3","author":"Ogale","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"2026081808050877000_102.6.387.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2405404"},{"key":"2026081808050877000_102.6.387.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054145"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2025-056709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:07:08Z","timestamp":1787065628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2025-056709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2025-056709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2025-056709","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]}}}