{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T15:30:05Z","timestamp":1759159805558,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> To characterise comprehensively the antibiotic susceptibility of <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> in Arkhangelsk, Russia, and to investigate whether the recommended treatment guidelines are updated and effective.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The susceptibility of <jats:italic>N gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> isolates, cultured during June\u2013November 2004 mainly from consecutive patients with gonorrhoea (n\u200a=\u200a76) in Arkhangelsk, to penicillin G, ampicillin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, kanamycin, spectinomycin and tetracycline was analysed using Etest. Nitrocefin discs were used for \u03b2-lactamase detection.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The levels of intermediate susceptibility and resistance to the different antibiotics were as follows: penicillin G 76%, ampicillin 71%, cefixime 0%, ceftriaxone 3%, ciprofloxacin 17%, erythromycin 54%, azithromycin 14%, kanamycin 49%, spectinomycin 0% and tetracycline 92%. Of the isolates 55 (72%) were determined as multiresistant\u2014that is, they showed intermediate susceptibility or resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. However, none of the isolates were \u03b2-lactamase producing.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> In Arkhangelsk, and presumably in many other areas of Russia, penicillins, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, kanamycin and tetracycline should not be used in the treatment of gonorrhoea if the results of antibiotic susceptibility testing are not available. In Russia, optimised, standardised and quality-assured antibiotic susceptibility testing needs to be established in many laboratories. Subsequently, continuous local, regional and national surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility is crucial to detect the emergence of new resistance, monitor changing patterns of susceptibility and be able to update treatment recommendations on a regular basis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.021857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,13]],"date-time":"2007-04-13T13:02:50Z","timestamp":1176469370000},"page":"133-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Antibiotic susceptibility of <i>Neisseria<\/i>\n                  <i>gonorrhoeae<\/i> in Arkhangelsk, Russia: \n            Table 1"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Veronica","family":"Vorobieva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Firsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Ababkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Leniv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rg C","family":"Haldorsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Unemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vegard","family":"Skogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2005.016345"},{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.2","unstructured":"Kahlmeter G. Laboratory control of antimicrobial therapy. In: Finch RG, Greenwood D, Norrby SR, et al eds. Antibiotic and chemotherapy. Anti-infective agents and their use in therapy 8th edn. London: Churchill Livingstone, 2003:472\u201393."},{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Management of sexually transmitted diseases. WHO\/GPA\/TEM94. 1 Rev 1. Geneva: WHO, 1997."},{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.009415"},{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2004.03.016"},{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(99)90098-1"},{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.7","unstructured":"Site of the administration of Arkhangelsk region. http:\/\/www.dvinaland.ru."},{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.8","unstructured":"EpiData\/Gonorrhoea. EpiNorth, A co-operation project for communicable disease control in Northern Europe. http:\/\/www.epinorth.org (accessed on 20 Dec 2006)."},{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.9","unstructured":"Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, et al. eds. Manual of clinical microbiology. 8th edn. Vol 1. Washington, USA: ASM Press American Society for Microbiology, 2003; S589\u201397,."},{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.10","unstructured":"Van Dyck E, Meheus AZ, Piot P. Laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999:1\u201321."},{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.11","unstructured":"Ministry of Heath Care in Russian Federation. Order #415 of The Ministry of Health Care of The Russian Federation from the 20.08.2003 \u201cAffirmation of the protocol management of patients\u201d Gonococcal infection."},{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.1.359-362.2001"},{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2005.06.014"},{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762003000800020","volume":"98","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462021924730"},{"key":"2025081306054129000_83.2.133.16","first-page":"P1592","volume":"10","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sti.2006.021857","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T13:06:40Z","timestamp":1755090400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sti.2006.021857"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,13]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sti.2006.021857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sti.2006.021857","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1368-4973"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1472-3263"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,13]]}}}