{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T19:29:57Z","timestamp":1648754997529},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1946,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/sti.22.4.182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T20:25:47Z","timestamp":1226521547000},"page":"182-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["BALANITIS XEROTICA OBLITERANS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC GONORRHOEA"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"G. W.","family":"Csonka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"La syphilis hereditaire","author":"Fournier, A.","year":"1886","unstructured":"Fournier, A. (1886) La syphilis hereditaire. Masson, Paris."},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Syphilis. Maloine et Fils","author":"Fournier, E.; Perret, P.","year":"1925","unstructured":"Fournier, E., and Perret, P. (1925) Syphilis. Maloine et Fils, Paris."},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"The Modern Treatment of Syphilis. Bailli&re, Tindall and Cox","author":"Moore, J.E.","year":"1944","unstructured":"Moore, J. E. (1944) The Modern Treatment of Syphilis. Bailli&re, Tindall and Cox, London."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"112","article-title":"Brit","volume":"22","author":"Nicol, W.D.","year":"1946","unstructured":"Nicol, W. D. (1946) Brit. J. vener. Dis., 22, 112.","journal-title":"J. vener. Dis"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Modern Clinical Syphilology","author":"Stokes, J.H.","year":"1938","unstructured":"Stokes, J. H. (1938) Modern Clinical Syphilology. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"121","article-title":"Brit","volume":"22","author":"Whelen, Maeve","year":"1946","unstructured":"Whelen, Maeve (1946) Brit. J. vener. Dis., 22, 121.","journal-title":"J. vener. Dis"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"History. In October 1945, he contracted gonorrhoea for the first time and was treated with 100,000 units of penicillin (20,000 units three-hourly) at a military hospital","unstructured":"History.-In October 1945, he contracted gonorrhoea for the first time and was treated with 100,000 units of penicillin (20,000 units three-hourly) at a military hospital. He"},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"Observation and treatment. Ten weeks later he was admitted to our centre with a fresh purulent urethral discharge. Gonococci were found on direct examination and in culture. There were no penile sores; the skin appeared to be healthy; the blood Khan reaction was negative. The patient had been circumcized in infancy. As no admission of sexual contact since October 1945 was obtained, the patient was thought to be suffering from a relapse of the original gonorrhoea. He received 300,000 units of penicillin (20,000 units three-hourly). Although the gonococcus disappeared during this treatment, a mucoid discharge and slight haze in the urine persisted","unstructured":"Observation and treatment.-Ten weeks later he was admitted to our centre with a fresh purulent urethral discharge. Gonococci were found on direct examination and in culture. There were no penile sores; the skin appeared to be healthy; the blood Khan reaction was negative. The patient had been circumcized in infancy. As no admission of sexual contact since October 1945 was obtained, the patient was thought to be suffering from a relapse of the original gonorrhoea. He received 300,000 units of penicillin (20,000 units three-hourly). Although the gonococcus disappeared during this treatment, a mucoid discharge and slight haze in the urine persisted."},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Clinical picture of balanitis xerotica obliterans. This condition was first described in 1928 by Stiihmer1, who believed that faulty circumcision could cause a chronic balanitis which eventually led to atrophic sclerosis. There is, however, little to support this view, seeing that a number of cases have been described with a long prepuce, often congenitally phimosed. Mota, reporting 4 cases, believes that a chronic and repeated balanoposthitis, made worse by a tight foreskin, may encourage the development of balanitis obliterans. If this theory be correct, timely circumcision niight in fact prevent the progress of the disease","unstructured":"Clinical picture of balanitis xerotica obliterans.-This condition was first described in 1928 by Stiihmer1, who believed that faulty circumcision could cause a chronic balanitis which eventually led to atrophic sclerosis. There is, however, little to support this view, seeing that a number of cases have been described with a long prepuce, often congenitally phimosed. Mota, reporting 4 cases, believes that a chronic and repeated balanoposthitis, made worse by a tight foreskin, may encourage the development of balanitis obliterans. If this theory be correct, timely circumcision niight in fact prevent the progress of the disease."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"547","article-title":"Arch","volume":"44","author":"Freeman, C.; Laymon, C.W.","year":"1941","unstructured":"Freeman, C., and Laymon, C. W. (1941)1 Arch. Derm. Syph., N.Y., 44, 547.","journal-title":"Derm. Syph., N. Y"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"57","volume":"49","author":"Freeman, C.; Laymon, C.W.","year":"1944","unstructured":"Freeman, C., and Laymon, C. W. (1944)2 ibid., 49, 57."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"98","article-title":"Zbl","volume":"50","author":"Fruhwald, R.","year":"1937","unstructured":"Fruhwald, R. (1937) Zbl. Haut-u. GeschlKr., 50, 98.","journal-title":"Haut-u. GeschlKr"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1206","article-title":"Derm","volume":"105","author":"Grutz, 0","year":"1937","unstructured":"Grutz, 0. (1937) Derm. Wschr., 105, 1206.","journal-title":"Wschr"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"77","article-title":"Ann. brasil","volume":"19","author":"Mota, J.","year":"1944","unstructured":"Mota, J. (1944) Ann. brasil. Derm. Sif., 19, 77.","journal-title":"Derm. Sif"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"613","article-title":"Arch Derm","volume":"156","author":"Stuhmer, A.","year":"1928","unstructured":"Stuhmer, A. (1928)1; Arch Derm. Syph., Wien, 156, 613.","journal-title":"Syph., Wien"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"343","volume":"165","author":"Stuhmer, A.","year":"1932","unstructured":"Stuhmer, A. (1932)2 ibid., 165, 343."},{"key":"ref_17","article-title":"Medical neglect and maltreatment in venereal disease R. H. Oakley, writing in the number for 26th June 1946 of the Medical Press and Circular, deals roundly with the sins of omission and commission of the medical profession in the treatment of venereal disease. The former he ascribes to a psychological inhibition which prevents many medical men from studying venereal disease or from keeping the possibility in mind in making a diagnosis. It may also lead them to 'condone concealment on the part of their patients. Neglect-apart from simple failure to diagnose-may consist in undertreatment or delay in treatment, both leading to complications or to progression to secondary and later stages. Medical maltreatment includes such mistakes as incising a chancroidal bubo, using a preputial slit when circumcision is indicated, and the wrong use of instruments, particularly of large or insufficiently sharp needles","unstructured":"Medical neglect and maltreatment in venereal disease R. H. Oakley, writing in the number for 26th June 1946 of the Medical Press and Circular, deals roundly with the sins of omission and commission of the medical profession in the treatment of venereal disease. The former he ascribes to a psychological inhibition which prevents many medical men from studying venereal disease or from keeping the possibility in mind in making a diagnosis. It may also lead them to 'condone concealment on the part of their patients. Neglect-apart from simple failure to diagnose-may consist in undertreatment or delay in treatment, both leading to complications or to progression to secondary and later stages. Medical maltreatment includes such mistakes as incising a chancroidal bubo, using a preputial slit when circumcision is indicated, and the wrong use of instruments, particularly of large or insufficiently sharp needles."},{"key":"ref_18","article-title":"Syphilis Boletin medico-social British Medical Journal Cronica mJdica Journal of the Cape Town Post-Graduate Medical Association Journal ofExperimental Medicine Journal of Venereal Disease Information Medical Times, New York Medicina espanola New England Journal of Medicine Revista de la Asociacion medica argentina Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades tropicales","author":"American Journal of","unstructured":"American Journal of Syphilis Boletin medico-social British Medical Journal Cronica mJdica Journal of the Cape Town Post-Graduate Medical Association Journal ofExperimental Medicine Journal of Venereal Disease Information Medical Times, New York Medicina espanola New England Journal of Medicine Revista de la Asociacion medica argentina Revista del Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades tropicales Revista medica de Chile Revista medica de Yucatan South African Journal of Medical Sciences Urologic and Cutaneouis Review","journal-title":"Revista medica de Chile Revista medica de Yucatan South African Journal of Medical Sciences Urologic and Cutaneouis Review"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sti.22.4.182","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T10:41:31Z","timestamp":1601116891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sti.22.4.182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1946,12,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1946,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sti.22.4.182","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1946,12,1]]}}}