{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T06:30:40Z","timestamp":1775025040703,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":221,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/sti.67.6.441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T21:44:35Z","timestamp":1226526275000},"page":"441-452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The diagnosis and treatment of donovanosis (granuloma inguinale)."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Richens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"found either alongside active donovanosis9` or extension of treatment for some time after lesions supervening on longstanding lesions,92 or developing have healed has been advocated by Marmell.'\u00b0\u00b0 On at sites of healed lesions.9` Rajam and Rangiah the other hand, it has also been noted that, if found malignancy with or following 5 out of 2000 antibiotics are stopped before re-epithelialisation is cases of donovanosis seen at their Venereal Diseases complete, many lesions will go on to full healing","unstructured":"38 40, 77 82 83 found either alongside active donovanosis9` or extension of treatment for some time after lesions supervening on longstanding lesions,92 or developing have healed has been advocated by Marmell.'\u00b0\u00b0 On at sites of healed lesions.9` Rajam and Rangiah the other hand, it has also been noted that, if found malignancy with or following 5 out of 2000 antibiotics are stopped before re-epithelialisation is cases of donovanosis seen at their Venereal Diseases complete, many lesions will go on to full healing."},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Cotrimoxazole 127-1 Cotrimoxazole was introduced in India in 1962.127 Good initial results were confirmed in a later large series.`2 Two failures with Septrin are reported by Pradinaud et al9","unstructured":"Cotrimoxazole 127-1 Cotrimoxazole was introduced in India in 1962.127 Good initial results were confirmed in a later large series.`2 Two failures with Septrin are reported by Pradinaud et al9."},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Donovanosis and AIDS There is already evidence that donovanosis may behave differently in patients with AIDS. An early report describes donovanosis appearing with typical clinical lesions in two AIDS patients but failing to respond to extended courses of treatment with combinations of cotrimoxazole, tetracycline and thiamphenicol.219 The explanation for these failures is likely to lie not so much in primary antibiotic resistance but in inability of antibiotics to clear the infection in the presence of immune deficiency. If immune suppression is an important factor in the observed association between haematogenous dissemination of donovanosis and pregnancy, then this rare complication of donovanosis may begin to appear more frequently as AIDS spreads to areas endemic for donovanosis. In South Africa it has been noted that patients with donovanosis often remain sexually active' and that HIV-1 seropositivity is significantly associated with donovanosis.`","unstructured":"Donovanosis and AIDS There is already evidence that donovanosis may behave differently in patients with AIDS. An early report describes donovanosis appearing with typical clinical lesions in two AIDS patients but failing to respond to extended courses of treatment with combinations of cotrimoxazole, tetracycline and thiamphenicol.219 The explanation for these failures is likely to lie not so much in primary antibiotic resistance but in inability of antibiotics to clear the infection in the presence of immune deficiency. If immune suppression is an important factor in the observed association between haematogenous dissemination of donovanosis and pregnancy, then this rare complication of donovanosis may begin to appear more frequently as AIDS spreads to areas endemic for donovanosis. In South Africa it has been noted that patients with donovanosis often remain sexually active' and that HIV-1 seropositivity is significantly associated with donovanosis.`"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"123","article-title":"Newer methods in the diagnosis and treatment of granuloma inguinale","volume":"28","author":"Greenblatt, R.B.; Barfield, W.E.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Greenblatt RB, Barfield WE. Newer methods in the diagnosis and treatment of granuloma inguinale. Br J Venereal Dis 1952;28:123-.8.","journal-title":"Br J Venereal Dis"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"181","article-title":"Socioeconomic aspects of granuloma inguinale","volume":"28","author":"Greenblatt, R.B.","year":"1947","unstructured":"Greenblatt RB. Socioeconomic aspects of granuloma inguinale. 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Precis of operations performed in the wards of the first surgeon, Medical College 0 Hospital (Rio), during the year 1881. Indian Medical Gazette 1882;17:113-23.","journal-title":"Indian Medical Gazette"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1101","article-title":"Les formes cliniques du granulome venerien. Annales de Dermatologie et de Syphiligraphie 1933","volume":"4","author":"Halty, M.","unstructured":"Halty M. Les formes cliniques du granulome venerien. Annales de Dermatologie et de Syphiligraphie 1933;7th series, No. 4:1101-21.","edition":"7th series"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"353","article-title":"Primary extragenital disseminated cutaneous donovanosis","volume":"101","author":"Sehgal, V.N.; Sharma, N.L.; Bhargava, N.C.; Nayar, M.; Chandra, M.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Sehgal VN, Sharma NL, Bhargava NC, Nayar M, Chandra M. Primary extragenital disseminated cutaneous donovanosis. 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