{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T11:15:04Z","timestamp":1687864504334},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/sti.68.1.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T21:44:35Z","timestamp":1226526275000},"page":"2-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sexually transmitted diseases in children: introduction."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Estreich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G E","family":"Forster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"and a small number as a consequence of re-However, infection requires more than the current infection. Inapparent maternal herpes presence of an organism. In practice, N gonoraccounts for 70% of neonatal infections.636\" rhoeae was never isolated from toilet seats in Perinatal HPV transmission is demonstrated public institutions when this was attempted.29 by the association of laryngeal papillomatosis No cases of cross infection were recorded in a with maternal ano-genital warts. Condylomata ward used by children with and without gonin infants can develop at other anatomical sites. orrhoea who shared toilet facilities.78 Human","unstructured":"and a small number as a consequence of re-However, infection requires more than the current infection. Inapparent maternal herpes presence of an organism. In practice, N gonoraccounts for 70% of neonatal infections.636\" rhoeae was never isolated from toilet seats in Perinatal HPV transmission is demonstrated public institutions when this was attempted.29 by the association of laryngeal papillomatosis No cases of cross infection were recorded in a with maternal ano-genital warts. Condylomata ward used by children with and without gonin infants can develop at other anatomical sites. orrhoea who shared toilet facilities.78 Human"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"intimidated into silence by the perpetrator. In paediatric practice a history is usually taken with family members present, who may themselves be responsible for or colluding with the abuse. Therefore, this possible route of transmission may be overlooked and others substituted. Many cases of sexual abuse remain unreported. Published statistics are, therefore, likely to be underestimates. However, Feldman reviewed earlier studies and concluded that the prevalence rate for CSA had remained at 10% to 12% since the 1940s in girls aged less than 14 years.82 The National Society for the Prevention ofCruelty to Children (NSPCC) figures for England and Wales are collected from 11 areas where the NSPCC manage the child abuse registers. These areas account for 9% of the total child population","volume-title":"There were 1586, 2137 and 2304 registered cases of CSA in 1985, 1986 and 1987 respectively.83 In the United States; 000 cases of CSA in 1985.84","year":"123","unstructured":"intimidated into silence by the perpetrator. In paediatric practice a history is usually taken with family members present, who may themselves be responsible for or colluding with the abuse. Therefore, this possible route of transmission may be overlooked and others substituted. Many cases of sexual abuse remain unreported. Published statistics are, therefore, likely to be underestimates. However, Feldman reviewed earlier studies and concluded that the prevalence rate for CSA had remained at 10% to 12% since the 1940s in girls aged less than 14 years.82 The National Society for the Prevention ofCruelty to Children (NSPCC) figures for England and Wales are collected from 11 areas where the NSPCC manage the child abuse registers. These areas account for 9% of the total child population. There were 1586, 2137 and 2304 registered cases of CSA in 1985, 1986 and 1987 respectively.83 In the United States, the American Humane Association reported 123 000 cases of CSA in 1985.84"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"821","article-title":"Congenital syphilis","author":"Schulz, K.F.; Murphy, F.K.; Patamasucon, P.; Meheus, A.Z.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schulz KF, Murphy FK, Patamasucon P, Meheus AZ. Congenital syphilis. In: Holmes KK, Mardh P-A, Sparling PF, et al eds. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. New York: McGraw Hill, 1990:821-42. 2nd ed.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"The hermetic and alchemical writings of Aureolus Philippus Theophiastus Bombast of Hohenheim, called Paracelsus the Great, AE Waite (trans.)","author":"Paracelsus","year":"1894","unstructured":"Paracelsus. The hermetic and alchemical writings of Aureolus Philippus Theophiastus Bombast of Hohenheim, called Paracelsus the Great, AE Waite (trans.). London, 1894."},{"issue":"82","key":"ref_5","first-page":"110","article-title":"The transmission of syphilis to the third generation","volume":"1906","author":"Hutchinson, J.","unstructured":"Hutchinson J. The transmission of syphilis to the third generation. Med Press Circ 1906;82:110-2.","journal-title":"Med Press Circ"},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"Traite de la maladie venerienne chez les enfants nouveau-nes, lesfemmes encientes et les nourrices, etc","author":"Bertin, M.","year":"1810","unstructured":"Bertin M. Traite de la maladie venerienne chez les enfants nouveau-nes, lesfemmes encientes et les nourrices, etc. Paris, Gabon, 1810."},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Practical observations on the Venereal Disease and on the use ofMercury","author":"Colles, A.","year":"1837","unstructured":"Colles A. Practical observations on the Venereal Disease and on the use ofMercury. London: Sherwood, Gilbert and Piper, 1837."},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"Traite de la Syphilis des Nouveau-nes et des Enfants d la Mamelle","author":"Diday, C.J.P.E.","year":"1854","unstructured":"Diday CJPE. Traite de la Syphilis des Nouveau-nes et des Enfants d la Mamelle. Paris: V Masson, 1854."},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"PA Morrow (trans.)","author":"Syphilis, Fournier A.; Marriage","year":"1881","unstructured":"Fournier A. Syphilis and Marriage. PA Morrow (trans.). New York: Appleton & Co., 1881."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"530","article-title":"Cases of deafrness associated with syphilis","volume":"ii:","author":"Hutchinson, J.; Hughlings Jackson, J.","unstructured":"Hutchinson J, Hughlings Jackson J. Cases of deafrness associated with syphilis. Med Times Gazette 1861;ii: 530-1.","journal-title":"Med Times Gazette 1861"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"527","article-title":"Vorlaufiger bericht uber das vorkornmen von spirochaeten in syphilitischen krakheitsprodukten und bei papillomen","volume":"22","author":"Schaudinn, F.R.; Hoffmann, E.","year":"1905","unstructured":"Schaudinn FR, Hoffmann E. Vorlaufiger bericht uber das vorkornmen von spirochaeten in syphilitischen krakheitsprodukten und bei papillomen. Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte 1905;22:527.","journal-title":"Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte"},{"issue":"32","key":"ref_12","first-page":"745","article-title":"Eine serodiagnostische Reaktion bei Syphilis","volume":"1906","author":"Wasserman, A.; Neisser, G.; Bruck, C.","unstructured":"Wasserman A, Neisser G, Bruck C, et al. Eine serodiagnostische Reaktion bei Syphilis. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1906;32:745.","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"issue":"34","key":"ref_13","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Oslo study of untreated syphilis: An epidemiologic investigation of the natural course of syphilitic infection based on a restudy of the BoeckBruusgaard material","volume":"35","author":"Gjestland, T.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Gjestland T. The Oslo study of untreated syphilis: An epidemiologic investigation of the natural course of syphilitic infection based on a restudy of the BoeckBruusgaard material. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1955;35([SupplJ34):1-368.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh)"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"647","article-title":"caecitate infantum fluoris albi materni ejusque virulanti pedisseque dissertatione. Leipzig, 1740. (Quoted Mettler CC","volume":"1974","author":"Quelmaltz ST. De","unstructured":"Quelmaltz ST. De caecitate infantum fluoris albi materni ejusque virulanti pedisseque dissertatione. Leipzig, 1740. (Quoted Mettler CC. 2nd ed History of Medicine. Philadelphia: Blakistone, 1974:647).","edition":"2nd ed","journal-title":"History of Medicine. Philadelphia: Blakistone"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"803","article-title":"Gonococcal disease in infants and children","author":"Gutman, L.T.; Wilfert, C.M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gutman LT, Wilfert CM. Gonococcal disease in infants and children. In: Holmes KK, Mardh P-A, Sparling PF, et al, eds. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. New York: McGraw Hill, 1990:803-10. Second edition."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref_16","first-page":"159","article-title":"On the common cause ofthe puriform ophthalmia of new-bom children","volume":"1807","author":"Gibson, B.","unstructured":"Gibson B. On the common cause ofthe puriform ophthalmia of new-bom children. Edin Med Surg J 1807;3:159-61.","journal-title":"Edin Med Surg J"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref_17","first-page":"50","article-title":"Die Verhutung der Augenentzundung der Neugeborenen","volume":"1881","author":"Crede, C.S.F.","unstructured":"Crede CSF. Die Verhutung der Augenentzundung der Neugeborenen. Archiv Gynakol 1881;17:50-3.","journal-title":"Archiv Gynakol"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"497","article-title":"Ueber eine der Gonorrhoe eigen-tumliche Microccusform","volume":"17","author":"Neisser, A.L.S.","year":"1879","unstructured":"Neisser ALS. Ueber eine der Gonorrhoe eigen-tumliche Microccusform. Zentralb Med Wissenschaften 1879;17: 497.","journal-title":"Zentralb Med Wissenschaften"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref_19","first-page":"179","article-title":"Die Verhutung der Augenentzundung der Neugeborenen","volume":"1883","author":"Crede, C.S.F.","unstructured":"Crede CSF. Die Verhutung der Augenentzundung der Neugeborenen. Archiv Gyndkol 1883;21:179-95.","journal-title":"Archiv Gyndkol"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"643","article-title":"Zur atiologie der ophthalmoblennorrhoea neonatorum","volume":"8","author":"Kroner, T.","year":"1884","unstructured":"Kroner T. Zur atiologie der ophthalmoblennorrhoea neonatorum. Zentralbe Gynaekol 1884;8:643-5.","journal-title":"Zentralbe Gynaekol"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"44","article-title":"Uber zelleinschlusse parasitarer natur beim trachom","volume":"26","author":"Halberstaedter, L.; von Prowazek, S.","year":"1907","unstructured":"Halberstaedter L, von Prowazek S. Uber zelleinschlusse parasitarer natur beim trachom. Arb Gesundheitsa 1907; 26:44-7.","journal-title":"Arb Gesundheitsa"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"902","article-title":"Isolation of virus from inclusion blennorrhoea","volume":"1959","author":"Jones, B.R.; Collier, L.H.; Smith, C.H.","unstructured":"Jones BR, Collier LH, Smith CH. Isolation of virus from inclusion blennorrhoea. Lancet 1959-i:902-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref_23","first-page":"133","article-title":"Gonorrhoeal vulvo-vaginitis in children","volume":"1908","author":"Hamilton, A.","unstructured":"Hamilton A. Gonorrhoeal vulvo-vaginitis in children. J Infect Dis 1908;5:133-57.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"99","key":"ref_24","first-page":"251","article-title":"Bericht uber eine bei kinden beobachtete endemie infectiosei colpitis","volume":"1885","author":"Fraenkel, E.","unstructured":"Fraenkel E. Bericht uber eine bei kinden beobachtete endemie infectiosei colpitis. Virchows Arch (A) 1885; 99:251.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch (A)"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref_25","first-page":"171","article-title":"Memoire sur l'herpes de la vulve","volume":"1853","author":"Legendre, F.","unstructured":"Legendre F. Memoire sur l'herpes de la vulve. Arch Gen Medicine 1853;2:171.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Medicine"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"1217","article-title":"Conjunctivite da virus erpetico in neonato","volume":"13","author":"Batignani, A.","year":"1934","unstructured":"Batignani A. Conjunctivite da virus erpetico in neonato. Boll Ocul 1934;13:1217.","journal-title":"Boll Ocul"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"127","article-title":"Hepatoadrenal necrosis with intranuclear inclusion bodies: report of a case","volume":"11","author":"Hass, M.","year":"1935","unstructured":"Hass M. Hepatoadrenal necrosis with intranuclear inclusion bodies: report of a case. Am J Pathol 1935;11:127.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"677","article-title":"Infectious papilloma (so-called condyloma acuminatum) with genital, perineal and lip lesions in a three year old child","volume":"44","author":"Goldman, L.; Clarke, G.E.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Goldman L, Clarke GE. Infectious papilloma (so-called condyloma acuminatum) with genital, perineal and lip lesions in a three year old child. Urol Cutan Rev 1940; 44:677-8.","journal-title":"Urol Cutan Rev"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.72.1.16","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases in sexually abused children","volume":"72","author":"White, S.T.; Loda, F.A.; Ingram, D.L.; Pearson, A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"White ST, Loda FA, Ingram DL, Pearson A. Sexually transmitted diseases in sexually abused children. Pediatrics 1983;72:16-21.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.74.1.67","article-title":"Nonsexual transmission of sexually transmitted diseases: an infrequent occurrence","volume":"74","author":"Neinstein, L.S.; Goldenring, J.; Carpenter, S.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Neinstein LS, Goldenring J, Carpenter S. Nonsexual transmission of sexually transmitted diseases: an infrequent occurrence. Pediatrics 1984;74:67-76.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6696.409","article-title":"Antenatal screening for syphilis","volume":"299","author":"Clay, J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Clay J. Antenatal screening for syphilis. BMJ 1989;299: 409-10.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_32","first-page":"17","article-title":"Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. Sexually transmitted disease in Britain: 1985-6","volume":"65","author":"Public Health Laboratory","year":"1989","unstructured":"Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. Sexually transmitted disease in Britain: 1985-6. Genitourin Med 1989;65:1 17-21.","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"ref_33","article-title":"Genito-urinary Medicine Clinics in England 1976-","author":"NHS","unstructured":"NHS Genito-urinary Medicine Clinics in England 1976-"},{"key":"ref_34","article-title":"London: Department ofHealth and Social Security","year":"1988","unstructured":"London: Department ofHealth and Social Security, 1988."},{"key":"ref_35","article-title":"New cases seen at NHS Genitourinary medicine clinics in England 1987. Summary information from Form SBH 60","volume":"2","author":"Department of Health","year":"1988","unstructured":"Department of Health. New cases seen at NHS Genitourinary medicine clinics in England 1987. Summary information from Form SBH 60. London: Department of Health, 1988 SR2B."},{"key":"ref_36","article-title":"New cases seen at NHS Genitourinary medicine clinics in England. Years 1988\/89 and 1989\/90. Summary information from Form KC60","volume":"12","author":"Department of Health","year":"1991","unstructured":"Department of Health. New cases seen at NHS Genitourinary medicine clinics in England. Years 1988\/89 and 1989\/90. Summary information from Form KC60. London: Department of Health, 1991 SM12B."},{"key":"ref_37","article-title":"New cases seen at NHS Genitourinary medicine clinics in England. 1990 Annual and December quarter figures. Summary information from Form KC60","volume":"12","author":"Department of Health","year":"1991","unstructured":"Department of Health. New cases seen at NHS Genitourinary medicine clinics in England. 1990 Annual and December quarter figures. Summary information from Form KC60. London: Department of Health, 1991 SM12B."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control. Guidelines for the prevention and control of congenital syphilis","volume":"37","year":"1988","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Guidelines for the prevention and control of congenital syphilis. MMWR 1988;37(S1): 1-13.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"825","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control. Congenital syphilis-New York City, 1986-1988","volume":"38","year":"1989","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Congenital syphilis-New York City, 1986-1988. MMWR 1989;38:825-9.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"320","article-title":"Pregnancy loss, infant death, and suffering: legacy of syphilis and gonorrhoea in Africa","volume":"63","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schulz KF, Cates W, O'Mara PR. Pregnancy loss, infant death, and suffering: legacy of syphilis and gonorrhoea in Africa. Genitourin Med 1987;63:320-5.","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"306","article-title":"Congenital syphilis in Lusaka. II. Incidence at birth and potential risk among hospital delivered infants","volume":"59","author":"Hira, S.K.; Bhat, G.J.; Ratnam, A.V.; Chintu, C.; Mulenga, R.C.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hira SK, Bhat GJ, Ratnam AV, Chintu C, Mulenga RC. Congenital syphilis in Lusaka. II. Incidence at birth and potential risk among hospital delivered infants. East Afr Med J 1982;59:306-10.","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198903233201204","article-title":"Efficacy of neonatal ocular prophylaxis for 'the prevention of chlamydial and gonococcal conjunctivitis","volume":"320","author":"Hammerschlag, M.R.; Cummings, C.; Roblin, P.M.; Williams, T.H.; Delke, I.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hammerschlag MR, Cummings C, Roblin PM, Williams TH, Delke I. Efficacy of neonatal ocular prophylaxis for 'the prevention of chlamydial and gonococcal conjunctivitis. N Engl J Med 1989;320:769-72.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90544-1","article-title":"Epidemiology of ophthalmia neonatorum in Kenya","volume":"li:","author":"Laga, M.; Plummer, F.A.; Nzanze, H.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Laga M, Plummer FA, Nzanze H, et al. Epidemiology of ophthalmia neonatorum in Kenya. Lancet 1986;li: 1145-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"811","article-title":"Chlamydial infections in infants and children","author":"Harrison, H.R.; Alexander, E.R.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Harrison HR, Alexander ER. Chlamydial infections in infants and children. In: Holmes KK, Mirdh P-A, Sparling PF, et al, eds. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. New York: McGraw Hill, 1990:811-20. 2nd ed.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198802000-00001","article-title":"Neonatal ocular prophylaxis","volume":"7","author":"Hammerschlag, M.R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hammerschlag MR. Neonatal ocular prophylaxis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1988;7:81-2.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"863","article-title":"Herpes virus infection in the neonate and children","author":"Stagno, S.; Whitley, R.J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Stagno S, Whitley RJ. Herpes virus infection in the neonate and children. In: Holmes KK, Mardh P-A, Sparling PF, et al eds. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. New York: McGraw Hill, 1990:863-87. 2nd ed.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_47","article-title":"British Paediatric Surveillance Unit","volume-title":"Third Annual Report","year":"1988","unstructured":"British Paediatric Surveillance Unit (1988) Third Annual Report."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"341","article-title":"Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. Prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus: prenatal screening of all pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen","volume":"37","year":"1988","unstructured":"Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. Prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus: prenatal screening of all pregnant women for hepatitis B surface antigen. MMWR 1988;37:341-51.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"44","article-title":"Herpes virus hominis antibodies among children and young adults in Ibadan","volume":"55","author":"Sogbetum, A.O.; Montefiore, D.; Anong, C.N.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Sogbetum AO, Montefiore D, Anong CN. Herpes virus hominis antibodies among children and young adults in Ibadan. Br J Venereal Dis 1979;55:44-7.","journal-title":"Br J Venereal Dis"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"402","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases: an epidemic in adolescent girls?","volume":"60","author":"Forster, G.E.; Robinson, G.E.; Munday, P.E.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Forster GE, Robinson GE, Munday PE. Sexually transmitted diseases: an epidemic in adolescent girls? Br J Venereal Dis 1984;60:402-5.","journal-title":"Br J Venereal Dis"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"119","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections in adolescent girls","volume":"63","author":"Mulcahey, F.M.; Lacey, C.J.N.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mulcahey FM, Lacey CJN. Sexually transmitted infections in adolescent girls. Genitourin Med 1987;63:119-21.","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"157","article-title":"STD and contraception in adolescents","volume":"65","author":"Thin, N.R.; Whatley, J.D.; Blackwell, A.L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Thin NR, Whatley JD, Blackwell AL. STD and contraception in adolescents. Genitourin Med 1989;65:157-0.","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/156.1.223","article-title":"Prevalence of urethral Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among asymptomatic, sexually active adolescent boys","volume":"156","author":"Shafer, M.A.; Prager, V.; Shalwitz, J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Shafer MA, Prager V, Shalwitz J, et al. Prevalence of urethral Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among asymptomatic, sexually active adolescent boys. J Infect Dis 1987;156:223-4.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"929","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control. Premarital sexual experience among adolescent women-United States, 1970-1988","volume":"39","year":"1991","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Premarital sexual experience among adolescent women-United States, 1970-1988. MMWR 1991;39:929-32.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)33146-5","article-title":"Congenital condylomata acuminata","volume":"131","author":"Tang, C.-K.; Shermeta, D.W.; Wood, C.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Tang C-K, Shermeta DW, Wood C. Congenital condylomata acuminata. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978;131:912-3.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/153.5.855","article-title":"Human papillomavirus DNA associated with foreskins of normal newborns","volume":"153","author":"Roman, A.; Fife, K.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Roman A, Fife K. Human papillomavirus DNA associated with foreskins of normal newborns. J Infect Dis 1986; 153:855-61.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(75)80309-X","article-title":"Pneumonitis following inclusion blennorrhea","volume":"87","author":"Schacter, J.; Lum, L.; Gooding, C.A.; Ostler, B.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Schacter J, Lum L, Gooding CA, Ostler B. Pneumonitis following inclusion blennorrhea. J Pediatr 1975;87: 779-80.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197803302981303","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis infant pneumonitis: comparison with matched controls and other infant pneumonitis","volume":"298","author":"Harrison, H.R.; English, M.G.; Lee, C.K.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Harrison HR, English MG, Lee CK, et al. Chlamydia trachomatis infant pneumonitis: comparison with matched controls and other infant pneumonitis. N Engl J Med 1978;298:702-8.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"301","article-title":"Infection of the eye, genitalia, and rectum by a new serotype (type G) ofTRIC agent: clinical and laboratory aspects","volume":"49","author":"Dunlop, E.M.C.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Dunlop EMC, et al. Infection of the eye, genitalia, and rectum by a new serotype (type G) ofTRIC agent: clinical and laboratory aspects. Br J Venereal Dis 1973;49:301-5.","journal-title":"Br J Venereal Dis"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3374","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03370240044034","article-title":"Prospective study of perinatal transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"255","author":"Schacter, J.; Grossman, M.; Sweet, R.L.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Schacter J, Grossman M, Sweet RL, et al. Prospective study of perinatal transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis. JAMA 1986;255:3374-7.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.3.524","article-title":"Infection and disease after perinatal exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis in Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"158","author":"Datta, P.; Laga, M.; Plummer, F.A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Datta P, Laga M, Plummer FA, et al. Infection and disease after perinatal exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis in Nairobi, Kenya. J Infect Dis 1988;158:524-8.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"305","article-title":"Chronic Chlamydia trachomatis infections in infants","author":"Bell, T.A.; Stamm, W.E.; Kuo, C.C.; Holmes, K.K.; Grayston, J.T.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bell TA, Stamm WE, Kuo CC, Holmes KK, Grayston JT. Chronic Chlamydia trachomatis infections in infants. In: Oriel JD, Ridgway G, Schacter J, Taylor-Robinson D, Ward M, eds. Chlamydial infections. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986:305-8."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1989.tb03373.x","article-title":"Preventing neonatal herpes infection","volume":"96","author":"Lissauer, T.; Jeffries, D.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lissauer T, Jeffries D. Preventing neonatal herpes infection. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1989;96:1015-23.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03340450032022","article-title":"Preventing neonatal herpes: the value of weekly viral cultures in pregnant women with recurrent genital herpes","volume":"251","author":"Binkin, N.J.; Koplan, J.P.; Cates, W.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Binkin NJ, Koplan JP, Cates W. Preventing neonatal herpes: the value of weekly viral cultures in pregnant women with recurrent genital herpes. JAMA 1984;251:2816-21.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198609253151303","article-title":"Failure of antepartum maternal cultures to predict the infant's risk of exposure to herpes simplex virus at delivery","volume":"315","author":"Arvin, A.M.; Hensleigh, P.A.; Prober, C.G.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Arvin AM, Hensleigh PA, Prober CG, et al. Failure of antepartum maternal cultures to predict the infant's risk of exposure to herpes simplex virus at delivery. N Engl J Med 1986;315:796-800.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199011000-00012","article-title":"Human papillomaviruses","volume":"9","author":"Cripe, T.P.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cripe TP. Human papillomaviruses. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1990;9:836-44.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"253","article-title":"Children born to women with HIV-1 infection: natural history and risk of transmission","volume":"337","year":"1991","unstructured":"Children born to women with HIV-1 infection: natural history and risk of transmission. European Collaborative Study. Lancet 1991;337:253-60.","journal-title":"European Collaborative Study. Lancet"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6710.1250","article-title":"Perinatal transmission of HIV-1 in Zambia","volume":"299","author":"Hira, S.K.; Kamanga, J.; Bhat, G.J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hira SK, Kamanga J, Bhat GJ, et al. Perinatal transmission of HIV-1 in Zambia. BMJ 1989;299:1250-2.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198906223202501","article-title":"Perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to infants of seropositive women in Zaire","volume":"320","author":"Ryder, R.W.; Nsa, W.; Hassig, S.E.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ryder RW, Nsa W, Hassig SE, et al. Perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to infants of seropositive women in Zaire. N Engl J Med 1989;320: 1637-42.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198906223202502","article-title":"A prospective study of infants bom to women seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"320","author":"Blanche, S.; Rouzioux, C.; Moscato, M.-L.G.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Blanche S, Rouzioux C, Moscato M-LG, et al. A prospective study of infants bom to women seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med 1989;320: 1643-8.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/138.5.668","article-title":"Mechanisms of matemo-fetal transmission of hepatitis B virus","volume":"138","author":"Lee, A.K.Y.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lee AKY, et al. Mechanisms of matemo-fetal transmission of hepatitis B virus. J Infect Dis 1978;138:668-71.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"891","article-title":"Isolation of AIDS virus from cell free breast milk of three healthy virus carriers","volume":"li:","author":"Thiry, L.; Sprecher-Goldberger, S.; Jonckheer, T.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Thiry L, Sprecher-Goldberger S, Jonckheer T, et al. Isolation of AIDS virus from cell free breast milk of three healthy virus carriers. Lancet 1985;li:891-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90957-9","article-title":"Breast feeding and transmission of HIV","volume":"ii:","author":"Colebunders, R.; Kapita, B.; Nekwei, W.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Colebunders R, Kapita B, Nekwei W, et al. Breast feeding and transmission of HIV. Lancet 1988;ii: 1487.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90064-5","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical features, and prognostic factors of paediatric HIV infection","volume":"ii:","author":"Study, Italian Multicentre","year":"1988","unstructured":"Italian Multicentre Study. Epidemiology, clinical features, and prognostic factors of paediatric HIV infection. Lancet 1988;ii:1043-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_75","volume-title":"International Conference on AIDS","author":"V.","unstructured":"In: V International Conference on AIDS. Montreal, 1989: Abstract Th A08."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.79.2.224","article-title":"Familial bathing patterns: implications for cases of alleged molestation and for pediatric practice","volume":"79","author":"Rosenfeld, A.A.; Siegel, B.; Bailey, R.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rosenfeld AA, Siegel B, Bailey R. Familial bathing patterns: implications for cases of alleged molestation and for pediatric practice. Pediatrics 1987;79:224-9.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(90)70200-2","article-title":"Condylomata acuminata in children: frequent association with human papillomaviruses responsible for cutaneous warts","volume":"23","year":"1990","unstructured":"Condylomata acuminata in children: frequent association with human papillomaviruses responsible for cutaneous warts. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;23:205-13.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"895","article-title":"Child sexual abuse and STD","author":"Jenny, C.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jenny C. Child sexual abuse and STD. In: Holmes KK, Mardh P-A, Sparling PF, et al, eds. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. New York: McGraw Hill, 1990:895-900. 2nd ed.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"191","article-title":"The gonococcus and the toilet seat revisited","volume":"8","author":"Ingram, D.L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ingram DL. The gonococcus and the toilet seat revisited. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989;8:191.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"950","article-title":"Human papillomavirus DNA in fomites on objects used for the management of patients with genital human papillomavirus infections","volume":"74","author":"Ferenczy, A.; Bergeron, C.; Richart, R.M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ferenczy A, Bergeron C, Richart RM. Human papillomavirus DNA in fomites on objects used for the management of patients with genital human papillomavirus infections. Obstet Gynecol 1989;74:950-4.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_81","article-title":"DNA typing of genital warts and diagnosis of sexual abuse of children (letter)","volume":"454","author":"Fleming, K.A.; Venning, V.; Evans, M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fleming KA, Venning V, Evans M. DNA typing of genital warts and diagnosis of sexual abuse of children (letter). Lancet 1987;i:454.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"42","key":"ref_82","first-page":"659","article-title":"Genital infection with herpes-virus hominis types 1 and 2 in children","volume":"1968","author":"Nahmias, A.J.; Dowdle, W.R.; Naib, Z.M.; Josey, W.E.; Luce, C.F.","unstructured":"Nahmias AJ, Dowdle WR, Naib ZM, Josey WE, Luce CF. Genital infection with herpes-virus hominis types 1 and 2 in children. Pediatrics 1968;42:659-66.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.88.1.29","article-title":"Is childhood sexual abuse really increasing in prevalence? An analysis of the evidence","volume":"88","author":"Feldman, W.; Feldman, E.; Goodman, J.T.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Feldman W, Feldman E, Goodman JT, et al. Is childhood sexual abuse really increasing in prevalence? An analysis of the evidence. Pediatrics 1991;88:29-33.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_84","article-title":"Diagnosis of child sexual abuse: Guidancefor doctors","author":"Committee, Standing Medical Advisory","year":"1988","unstructured":"Standing Medical Advisory Committee. Diagnosis of child sexual abuse: Guidancefor doctors. London: HMSO, 1988."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-19870401-06","article-title":"The sexual abuse of children: current research reviewed","volume":"17","author":"Finkelhor, D.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Finkelhor D. The sexual abuse of children: current research reviewed. Psychiatric Ann 1987;17:233-41.","journal-title":"Psychiatric Ann"},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases in sexually abused children","volume":"3","author":"Hammerschlag, M.R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hammerschlag MR. Sexually transmitted diseases in sexually abused children. Adv Pediatr Dis 1988;3:1-18.","journal-title":"Adv Pediatr Dis"},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"433","article-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases in rape victims","volume":"66","author":"Estreich, S.; Forster, G.E.; Robinson, A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Estreich S, Forster GE, Robinson A. Sexually transmitted diseases in rape victims. Genitourin Med 1990;66:433-8.","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"6","article-title":"Sexual assault and sexually transmitted diseases in adults and children: detection and management in adults and children","volume":"12","author":"Schwarcz, S.K.; Whittington, W.L.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schwarcz SK, Whittington WL. Sexual assault and sexually transmitted diseases in adults and children: detection and management in adults and children. Rev Infect Dis 1990; 12(Suppl 6):S682-90.","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380220060016","article-title":"A child with HIV infection (letter)","volume":"256","author":"Leiderman, I.Z.; Grimm, K.T.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Leiderman IZ, Grimm KT. A child with HIV infection (letter). JAMA 1986;256:3094.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"137","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus transmission by child sexual abuse","volume":"145","author":"Gutman, L.T.; St Claire, K.K.; Weedy, C.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gutman LT, St Claire KK, Weedy C, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus transmission by child sexual abuse. Am JDis Child 1991;145:137-41.","journal-title":"Am JDis Child"},{"key":"ref_91","article-title":"Physicalsigns ofsexual abuse in children. A report of the","author":"publications, R.C.P.","year":"1991","unstructured":"RCP publications. Physicalsigns ofsexual abuse in children. A report of the Royal College of Physicians, 1991.","journal-title":"Royal College of Physicians"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249000100404","article-title":"Condylomata acuminata in children","volume":"1","author":"Oranje, P.A.; DeWaard-Van der Spek, F.B.; Vuzevski, V.D.; Bilo, R.A.C.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Oranje PA, DeWaard-Van der Spek FB, Vuzevski VD, Bilo RAC. Condylomata acuminata in children. Int JSTD AIDS 1990;1:250-5.","journal-title":"Int JSTD AIDS"},{"key":"ref_93","author":"Center for Disease Control","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control. 1985 STD"},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"106","article-title":"MMWR 1985; 34(Suppl 4)","unstructured":"MMWR 1985;34(Suppl 4):S106-7."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.75.6.1028","volume":"75","author":"HaNmomnesrpseccihfliacgvaMgRin, itiCsufmomlilonwgisngMs; exuDaolraabiussweaminy B","year":"1985","unstructured":"HaNmomnesrpseccihfliacgvaMgRin,itiCsufmomlilonwgisngMs,exuDaolraabiussweaminy B, et al. children. Pediatrics 1985;75:1028-31.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sti.68.1.2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]],"date-time":"2023-05-21T01:39:14Z","timestamp":1684633154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sti.68.1.2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,2,1]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sti.68.1.2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,2,1]]}}}