{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T19:31:57Z","timestamp":1769628717058,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/sti.71.3.150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T21:44:35Z","timestamp":1226526275000},"page":"150-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Rectal gonorrhoea as an independent risk factor for HIV infection in a cohort of homosexual men."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"K J","family":"Craib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D R","family":"Meddings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S A","family":"Strathdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R S","family":"Hogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J S","family":"Montaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M V","family":"O'Shaughnessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M T","family":"Schechter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1002","article-title":"The association of genital ulcer disease and HIV infection at a dermatology-STD clinic in Uganda","volume":"3","author":"Nsubuga, P.; Mugerwa, R.; Nsibambi, J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nsubuga P, Mugerwa R, Nsibambi J, et al. The association of genital ulcer disease and HIV infection at a dermatology-STD clinic in Uganda. JAIDS 1990;3:1002-5.","journal-title":"JAIDS"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198908000-00006","article-title":"Genital ulcers and transmission of HIV among couples in Zimbabwe","volume":"3","author":"Latif, A.S.; Katzenstein, D.A.; Bassett, M.T.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Latif AS, Katzenstein DA, Bassett MT, et al. Genital ulcers and transmission of HIV among couples in Zimbabwe. AIDS 1989;3:519-23.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.2.233","article-title":"Cofactors in male-female sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"163","author":"Plummer, F.A.; Simonsen, J.N.; Cameron, D.W.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Plummer FA, Simonsen JN, Cameron DW, et al. Cofactors in male-female sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis 1991;163: 233-9.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198808043190504","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus infection among men with sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"319","author":"Simonsen, J.N.; Cameron, D.W.; Gakinya, M.N.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Simonsen JN, Cameron DW, Gakinya MN, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus infection among men with sexually transmitted diseases. N EnglJ Med 1988;319:274-8.","journal-title":"N EnglJ Med"},{"key":"ref_5","series-title":"Infect Dis","first-page":"380","article-title":"Isolation of human immunodeficiency virus from genital ulcers in Nairobi prostitutes","volume":"160","author":"Kreiss, J.K.; Coombs, R.; Plummer, F.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kreiss JK, Coombs R, Plummer F, et al. Isolation of human immunodeficiency virus from genital ulcers in Nairobi prostitutes. T Infect Dis 1989;160:380-4."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410100119036","article-title":"The association between genital ulcer disease and acquisition of HIV infection in homosexual men","volume":"260","author":"Stamm, W.E.; Handfield, H.H.; Rompalo, A.M.; Ashley, R.L.; Roberts, P.L.; Corey, L.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stamm WE, Handfield HH, Rompalo AM, Ashley RL, Roberts PL, Corey L. The association between genital ulcer disease and acquisition of HIV infection in homosexual men. JAAA 1988;260:1429-33.","journal-title":"JAAA"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03720070048033","article-title":"Prior herpes simplex virus type 2 infection as a risk factor for HIV infection","volume":"259","author":"Hoimberg, S.D.; Stewart, J.A.; Gerber, A.R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hoimberg SD, Stewart JA, Gerber AR, et al. Prior herpes simplex virus type 2 infection as a risk factor for HIV infection. JAMA 1988;259:1048-50.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"19","article-title":"Epidemiology of sexual behavior and sexually transmitted diseases","author":"Aral, S.O.; Holmes, K.K.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Aral SO, Holmes KK. Epidemiology of sexual behavior and sexually transmitted diseases. In: Hoimes KK, Mardh PA, Sparling PF, Wiesner PJ, eds. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2nd ed New York: McGraw-Hill Information Services Company, 1990:19-36.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199301000-00015","article-title":"Non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases as risk factors for HIV-1 transmission in women: results from a cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Laga, M.; Abib, M.; Mayimona, K.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Laga M, Abib M, Mayimona K, et al. Non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases as risk factors for HIV-1 transmission in women: results from a cohort study. AIDS 1993;7:95-102.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"5","article-title":"Relationship of STD history to HIV seropositivity in a cohort of homosexual men in Dallas, Texas","author":"Haley, C.E.; Anderson, P.; Freeman, A.; Petty, A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Haley CE, Anderson P, Freeman A, Petty A. Relationship of STD history to HIV seropositivity in a cohort of homosexual men in Dallas, Texas. Int Conf AIDS 1989 June 4-9;5: 126 (abstract no. W.A.P.39).","journal-title":"Int Conf AIDS"},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risks of HIV infections in spouses of persons infected with HIV. Int Conf AIDS","author":"Fischl, M.; Fayne, T.; Flanagan, S.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fischl M, Fayne T, Flanagan S, et al. Seroprevalence and risks of HIV infections in spouses of persons infected with HIV. Int Conf AIDS 1988 June 12-16; 1:(abstract no. 4060)."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1355","article-title":"The Vancouver Lymphadenopathy-AIDS Study, 6: HIV seroconversion in a cohort of homosexual men","volume":"135","author":"Schechter, M.T.; Boyko, W.J.; Douglas, B.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Schechter MT, Boyko WJ, Douglas B, et al. The Vancouver Lymphadenopathy-AIDS Study, 6: HIV seroconversion in a cohort of homosexual men. Can Med AssocJ 1986;135:1355-60.","journal-title":"Can Med AssocJ"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198906000-00002","article-title":"Progression to AIDS and predictors of AIDS in seroprevalent and seroincident cohorts of homosexual men","volume":"3","author":"Schechter, M.T.; Craib, K.J.P.; Le, T.N.; Willoughby, B.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schechter MT, Craib KJP, Le TN, Willoughby B, et al. Progression to AIDS and predictors of AIDS in seroprevalent and seroincident cohorts of homosexual men. AIDS 1989;3:347-53.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112220","article-title":"Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies","volume":"103","author":"0, Miettinen","year":"1976","unstructured":"Miettinen 0. Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies. Am J Epidemiol 1976;103:226-35.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.77.4.479","article-title":"Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in homosexual men","volume":"77","author":"Darrow, W.W.; Echenberg, D.F.; Jaffe, H.W.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Darrow WW, Echenberg DF, Jaffe HW, et al. Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in homosexual men. Am J Publ Health 1987;77:479-83.","journal-title":"Am J Publ Health"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91725-9","article-title":"Risk factors for seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus among male homosexuals","volume":"1","author":"Kingsley, L.A.; Detre, K.; Kelsey, S.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kingsley LA, Detre K, Kelsey S, et al. Risk factors for seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus among male homosexuals. Lancet 1987;1:345-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03390030051019","article-title":"Sexual practices and risk of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus. The San Francisco Men's Health Study","volume":"257","author":"W, Jr, Winkelstein; DM, Lyman; N, Padian","year":"1987","unstructured":"Winkelstein W Jr, Lyman DM, Padian N, et al. Sexual practices and risk of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus. The San Francisco Men's Health Study. JAMA 1987;257:321-5.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"359","article-title":"Alcohol and drug use during sexual activity and compliance with safe sex guidelines for AIDS: The AIDS","volume":"13","author":"Stall, R.; McKusick, L.; Wiley, J.; Coates, T.J.; Ostrow, D.G.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Stall R, McKusick L, Wiley J, Coates TJ, Ostrow DG. Alcohol and drug use during sexual activity and compliance with safe sex guidelines for AIDS: The AIDS Behavioral Research Project. Health Educ Q 1986;13: 359-71.","journal-title":"Behavioral Research Project. Health Educ Q"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199008000-00007","article-title":"Recreational drug use and sexual behavior change in a cohort of homosexual men","volume":"4","author":"Ostrow, D.G.; VanRanden, M.J.; Fox, R.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ostrow DG, VanRanden MJ, Fox R, et al. Recreational drug use and sexual behavior change in a cohort of homosexual men. AIDS 1990;4:759-65.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"423","article-title":"Sociodemographic correlates for risk taking behavior among seronegative men","volume":"84","author":"Hogg, R.S.; Craib, K.; Willoughby, B.; Sestak, P.; Montaner, J.S.G.; Schechter, M.T.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hogg RS, Craib K, Willoughby B, Sestak P, Montaner JSG, Schechter MT. Sociodemographic correlates for risk taking behavior among seronegative men. Canadian Journal ofPublic Health 1993;84:423-6.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal ofPublic Health"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90631-9","article-title":"Lower socioeconomic status and shorter survival following HIV infection","volume":"344","author":"Hogg, R.S.; Strathdee, S.A.; Craib, K.J.P.; O'Shaughnessy, M.V.; Montaner, J.S.G.; Schechter, M.T.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hogg RS, Strathdee SA, Craib KJP, O'Shaughnessy MV, Montaner JSG, Schechter MT. Lower socioeconomic status and shorter survival following HIV infection. Lancet 1994;344:1120-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199001000-00008","article-title":"Epidemiological methods to study the interaction between HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"4","author":"Mertens, T.E.; Hayes, R.J.; Smith, P.J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mertens TE, Hayes RJ, Smith PJ. Epidemiological methods to study the interaction between HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. AIDS 1990;4:57-65.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"692","article-title":"Reliability of self-reported behavior risk factors for HIV infection in homosexual men","volume":"102","author":"Saltzman, S.P.; Stoddard, A.M.; McCusker, J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Saltzman SP, Stoddard AM, McCusker J, et al. Reliability of self-reported behavior risk factors for HIV infection in homosexual men. Public Health Rep 1987;102:692-7.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1080\/19485565.1976.9988235","article-title":"Use of recall data in survey research on human sexual behavior","volume":"23","author":"Spanier, G.B.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Spanier GB. Use of recall data in survey research on human sexual behavior. Soc Biol 1976;23:244-53.","journal-title":"Soc Biol"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"343","article-title":"The reliability of sexual histories in AIDS-related research: Evaluation of an interview-administered questionnaire","volume":"77","author":"Coates, R.A.; Soskolne, C.L.; Calzavara, L.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Coates RA, Soskolne CL, Calzavara L, et al. The reliability of sexual histories in AIDS-related research: Evaluation of an interview-administered questionnaire. Can J3 Pub Health 1986;77:343-8."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"30","article-title":"Detection of HIV p17 antigen in lymphocytes but not epithelial cells from cervicovaginal secretions of women seropositive for HIV: implications for heterosexual transmission of the virus","volume":"64","author":"de Perre P, Van; A, De Clerq; J, Cognaiux-Leclerc; D, Nzaramba; J-P, Butzler; S, Sprecher-Goldberger","year":"1988","unstructured":"Van de Perre P, De Clerq A, Cognaiux-Leclerc J, Nzaramba D, Butzler J-P, Sprecher-Goldberger S. Detection of HIV p17 antigen in lymphocytes but not epithelial cells from cervicovaginal secretions of women seropositive for HIV: implications for heterosexual transmission of the virus. Genitourin Med 1988;64:30-3.","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1988.tb00712.x","article-title":"Male genital tract inflammation associated with increased numbers of potential human immunodeficiency virus host cells in semen","volume":"20","author":"Wolff, H.; Anderson, D.J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wolff H, Anderson DJ. Male genital tract inflammation associated with increased numbers of potential human immunodeficiency virus host cells in semen. Andrologia 1988;20:404-10.","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)53628-0","article-title":"Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: virus entry into male and female genital tract","volume":"54","author":"Alexander, N.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Alexander N. Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: virus entry into male and female genital tract. Fertil Steril 1990;54:1-18.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Role of sexually transmitted diseases in transmitting human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"64","author":"Kreiss, J.; Carael, M.; Meheus, A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kreiss J, Carael M, Meheus A. Role of sexually transmitted diseases in transmitting human immunodeficiency virus. Genitourin Med 1988;64: 1-2.","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref_30","first-page":"327","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of HIV in urethral secretions of men with purulent urethritis. Int Conf AIDS","volume":"8","author":"Moss, G.B.; Hensel, M.; Emerman, M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Moss GB, Hensel M, Emerman M, et al. Prevalence and correlates of HIV in urethral secretions of men with purulent urethritis. Int Conf AIDS 1992 July 19-24; 8(2):C327 (abstract no. PoC 4497)."}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sti.71.3.150","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T23:54:14Z","timestamp":1601078054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sti.71.3.150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sti.71.3.150","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,6,1]]}}}