{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:52:05Z","timestamp":1792068725029,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.5.312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:22:37Z","timestamp":1230769357000},"page":"312-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Risk factors for the acquisition of genital warts: are condoms protective?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"L. M.","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. S.","family":"Estcourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mindel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Division of STD\/HIV Prevention 1992 Annual Report","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1993","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of STD\/HIV Prevention 1992 Annual Report. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1993."},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"The clinical features of genital and perigenital human papillomavirus infection","volume-title":"warts, human papillomavirus infection","author":"Sonnex, C.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sonnex C. The clinical features of genital and perigenital human papillomavirus infection. In: Mindel A, ed. Genital warts, human papillomavirus infection. London: Edward Arnold, 1995."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"216","article-title":"Are genital herpes and warts really a disappearing problem?","volume":"19","author":"Donovan, B.; Mindel, A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Donovan B, Mindel A. Are genital herpes and warts really a disappearing problem? Aust J Public Health 1995;19:216\u20137.","journal-title":"Aust J Public Health"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"40","article-title":"STD epidemiology analysis at national surveillance spots in the period 1987\u20131990","volume":"7","author":"Shao, C.; Liang, G.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shao C, Liang G. STD epidemiology analysis at national surveillance spots in the period 1987\u20131990. Chin Med Sci J 1992;7:40\u20133.","journal-title":"Chin Med Sci J"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"371","article-title":"Sexual ubertragbare krankheiten nach auslandrisen","volume-title":"Bull No 20","author":"Bundesamt, F.G.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bundesamt FG. Sexual ubertragbare krankheiten nach auslandrisen 1994;Bull No 20:371\u20139."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"74","article-title":"Determinants of genital human papillomavirus in low-risk women in Portland, Oregon","volume":"20","author":"Bauer, H.M.; Hildesheim, A.; SchiVman, M.H.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bauer HM, Hildesheim A, SchiVman MH. Determinants of genital human papillomavirus in low-risk women in Portland, Oregon. Sex Transm Dis 1993;20:74\u20138.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"19","article-title":"Lifetime number of partners as the only independent risk factor for human papillomavirus infection: a population-based study","volume":"22","author":"Karlsson, R.; Jonsson, M.; Edlund, K.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Karlsson R, Jonsson M, Edlund K, et al. Lifetime number of partners as the only independent risk factor for human papillomavirus infection: a population-based study. Sex Transm Dis 1995;22:19\u201327.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199309000-00009","article-title":"Determinants of genital human papillomavirus infection among cytologically normal women attending the University of New Mexico student health center","volume":"20","author":"Wheeler, C.M.; Parmenter, C.A.; Hunt, W.C.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wheeler CM, Parmenter CA, Hunt WC, et al. Determinants of genital human papillomavirus infection among cytologically normal women attending the University of New Mexico student health center. Sex Transm Dis 1993;20: 286\u20139.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"330","article-title":"Is oral contraceptive associated with genital warts?","volume":"72","author":"Ross, J.D.C.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ross JDC. Is oral contraceptive associated with genital warts? Genitourin Med 1996;72:330\u20133.","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198601000-00004","article-title":"Risk factors for condyloma acuminatum in women","volume":"13","author":"Daling, JR, Sherman; KJ, Weiss; N.S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Daling JR, Sherman KJ, Weiss NS. Risk factors for condyloma acuminatum in women. Sex Transm Dis 1986;13:16\u20138.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199309000-00008","article-title":"Determinants of genital human papillomavirus infection in low-income women in Washington, DC","volume":"20","author":"Hildesheim, A.; Gravitt, P.; SchiVman, M.H.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hildesheim A, Gravitt P, SchiVman MH, et al. Determinants of genital human papillomavirus infection in low-income women in Washington, DC. Sex Transm Dis 1993;20:279\u201385.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"203","article-title":"Anogenital warts and condom use\u2014a survey of information given","volume":"73","author":"McClean, H.L.; Hillman, R.J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"McClean HL, Hillman RJ. Anogenital warts and condom use\u2014a survey of information given. Genitourin Med 1997;73:203\u20136.","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"997","article-title":"Determinants of genital human papillomavirus infection in young women","volume":"83","author":"Ley, C.; Bauer, H.M.; Reingold, A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ley C, Bauer HM, Reingold A, et al. Determinants of genital human papillomavirus infection in young women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991:83:997\u20131003.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.4.792","article-title":"The prevalence of cervical infection with human papillomavirus and cervical dysplasia in Alaska native women","volume":"169","author":"Davidson, M.; Schnitzer, P.G.; Bulkow, L.R.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Davidson M, Schnitzer PG, Bulkow LR, et al. The prevalence of cervical infection with human papillomavirus and cervical dysplasia in Alaska native women. J Infect Dis 1994;169:792\u2013800.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"291","article-title":"Heterosexual relationships and condom-use in the spread of sexually transmitted diseases to women","volume":"71","author":"Evans, B.A.; Kell, P.D.; Bond, R.A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Evans BA, Kell PD, Bond RA, et al. Heterosexual relationships and condom-use in the spread of sexually transmitted diseases to women. Genitourin Med 1995;71:291\u20134.","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90081-3","article-title":"History of genital warts in a selected population","volume":"1","author":"Daling, JR, Weiss; NS, Sherman; K.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Daling JR, Weiss NS, Sherman KJ. History of genital warts in a selected population. Lancet 1984;1:157\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910530609","article-title":"Prevalence of HPV in cytomorphologically normal cervical smear, as determined by the polymerase chain reaction, is age dependent","volume":"53","author":"W, Melkert P.; E, Hopman; van den Brule AJ","year":"1993","unstructured":"Melkert P W, Hopman E, van den Brule AJ, et al. Prevalence of HPV in cytomorphologically normal cervical smear, as determined by the polymerase chain reaction, is age dependent. Int J Cancer 1993;53:919\u201323.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"365","article-title":"Epidemiology of genital warts in England and Wales: 1971 to","volume":"73","author":"Simms, I.; Fairley, C.K.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Simms I, Fairley CK. Epidemiology of genital warts in England and Wales: 1971 to 1994. Genitourin Med 1997;73: 365\u20137.","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/102.6.768","article-title":"Immunological events in regressing warts","volume":"102","author":"Coleman, N.; Birley, H.D.; Renton, A.M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Coleman N, Birley HD, Renton AM, et al. Immunological events in regressing warts. Am J Clin Pathol 1994;102:768\u2013 74.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(96)80035-5","article-title":"Immunology of papillomavirus infection","volume":"8","author":"Frazer, I.H.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Frazer IH. Immunology of papillomavirus infection. Curr Opin Immunol 1996;8:484\u201391","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198906013202201","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer in Latin America","volume":"320","author":"Reeves, W.C.; Brinton, L.A.; Garcia, M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Reeves WC, Brinton LA, Garcia M, et al. Human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer in Latin America. N Engl J Med 1989;320:1437\u201341.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199011000-00018","article-title":"Human papilloma virus infection in sexually active adolescent females: prevalence and risk factors","volume":"28","author":"A-b, Moscicki; J, Palefsky; J, Gonzales","year":"1990","unstructured":"Moscicki A-b, Palefsky J, Gonzales J, et al. Human papilloma virus infection in sexually active adolescent females: prevalence and risk factors. Paediatr Res 1990;28: 507\u201313.","journal-title":"Paediatr Res"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"803","article-title":"Human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus and other potential risk factors for cervical cancer in a high risk area (Greenland) and a low-risk area (Denmark)\u2014a second look","volume":"67","author":"K, Kjaer S.; de Villiers E M; H, Caglayan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kjaer S K, de Villiers E M, Caglayan H, et al. Human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus and other potential risk factors for cervical cancer in a high risk area (Greenland) and a low-risk area (Denmark)\u2014a second look. Br J Cancer 1993;67:803\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00011-2","article-title":"The association of smoking and risk of condyloma accuminatum in women","volume":"89","author":"Feldman, J.G.; Chirgwin, K.; Dehovitz, J.A.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Feldman JG, Chirgwin K, Dehovitz JA, et al. The association of smoking and risk of condyloma accuminatum in women. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89:346\u201350.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"555","article-title":"Comparative epidemiologic study of 120 patients with condylomatous lesions and 120 control patients","volume":"16","author":"Beuret, T.; Sadoul, G.; Fari, A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Beuret T, Sadoul G, Fari A, et al. Comparative epidemiologic study of 120 patients with condylomatous lesions and 120 control patients. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 1987;16: 555\u201364.","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sti.75.5.312","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T09:33:47Z","timestamp":1709890427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sti.75.5.312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sti.75.5.312","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]}}}