{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:43:22Z","timestamp":1791297802773,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation Of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Chongqing Science & Technology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke Vasc Neurol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Capsular warning syndrome (CWS) is defined as recurrent episodes of transient ischaemic attacks \u22653 times during a short time frame. There is no effective therapy to stop these attacks. We, herein, report our experience of using intravenous tirofiban to treat CWS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All patients with CWS in our hospital from January 2013 to September 2017 were reviewed. Patients in tirofiban group (T-group) were treated by intravenous tirofiban at 0.4\u2009\u03bcg\/kg\/min for 30\u2009min followed by 0.1\u20130.15\u2009\u00b5g\/kg\/min infusion. Other treatments (non-T-group) included thrombolytic, oral antiplatelet agents and anticoagulant. Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), systematic bleeding, new attacks after treatment, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at 24\u2009hours and modified Rankin Scales (mRSs) at 3 months were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 23 patients qualified (15 in T-group, 8 in non-T-group), the duration of symptoms ranged from 2 to 100 min before treatments. After treatment, in T-group, four patients (26.7%) had recurrent attacks, and NIHSS scores were 0 in 11 patients (73.3%) at 24 hours. All patients reached a favourable outcome (mRS \u22642 at 3 months. In non-T-group, five patients (62.5%) had new attacks. NIHSS scores were 0 in two patients (25%) at 24 hours. At 3 months, seven patients (87.5%) reached a favourable outcome. Neither ICH nor systematic bleeding or thrombocytopaenia occurred in both groups of patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intravenous tirofiban can be a potentially effective and safe therapy to stop early symptomatic fluctuations and shorten the duration of functional deficits in patients with CWS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2018-000163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]],"date-time":"2019-01-10T04:29:13Z","timestamp":1547094553000},"page":"22-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Intravenous tirofiban therapy for patients with capsular warning syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Shu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Han","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Rong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Qiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Jiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025082410194027000_4.1.22.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.5.957"},{"key":"2025082410194027000_4.1.22.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000073891","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted MRI findings in patients with capsular warning syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Staaf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2025082410194027000_4.1.22.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.192218","article-title":"Definition and evaluation of transient ischemic attack: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and the Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease. 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