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Basic and clinical studies have shown that brain microvasculature dysfunction activates inflammatory cells in the brain, leading to progressive neuronal loss and eventually dementia. This review focuses on recent studies aimed at identifying the molecular events that link cerebral microvascular dysfunction to neurodegeneration, including oxidative\/nitrosative stress, cellular metabolic dysfunction, inflammatory signalling and abnormal synaptic plasticity. A better understanding of the coupling between vasculature and brain neurons and how this coupling is disrupted under pathological conditions is of great significance in identifying new diagnostic and treatment targets for dementia for which no new drugs have been approved since 2003.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2018-000213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T08:36:21Z","timestamp":1561451781000},"page":"105-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Cerebral microvascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration in dementia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7800-9852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081709314608000_4.2.105.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2010.00838.x","article-title":"Melatonin ameliorates ischemic-like injury-evoked nitrosative stress: Involvement of HtrA2\/PED pathways in endothelial cells","volume":"50","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"2025081709314608000_4.2.105.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138945012799201649"},{"key":"2025081709314608000_4.2.105.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00869.x"},{"key":"2025081709314608000_4.2.105.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12440","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12440","article-title":"Melatonin ameliorates hypoglycemic stress-induced brain endothelial tight junction injury by inhibiting protein nitration of TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"2025081709314608000_4.2.105.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.02.044","article-title":"Accumulation of beta-amyloid in the brain microvessels accompanies increased hyperphosphorylated tau proteins following microsphere embolism in aged rats","volume":"153","author":"Han","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025081709314608000_4.2.105.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/016164103101202048"},{"key":"2025081709314608000_4.2.105.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35045","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b13052","article-title":"Endogenous Polysialic Acid Based Micelles for Calmodulin Antagonist Delivery against Vascular Dementia","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"2025081709314608000_4.2.105.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12726","article-title":"Calmodulin inhibitor ameliorates cognitive dysfunction via inhibiting nitrosative stress and NLRP3 signaling in mice with bilateral carotid artery stenosis","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"2025081709314608000_4.2.105.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-017-9752-7","article-title":"Blood Brain Barrier Injury in Diabetes: Unrecognized Effects on Brain and Cognition","volume":"12","author":"Bogush","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025081709314608000_4.2.105.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12084","article-title":"The disturbance of hippocampal CaMKII\/PKA\/PKC phosphorylation in early experimental diabetes mellitus","volume":"19","author":"Liao","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"2025081709314608000_4.2.105.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12268"},{"key":"2025081709314608000_4.2.105.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-11-0121"},{"key":"2025081709314608000_4.2.105.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00581.2016"},{"key":"2025081709314608000_4.2.105.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.5455\/oams.031212.br.004","article-title":"Association of Biomarkers for Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress with Cognitive Impairment. 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