{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T19:07:52Z","timestamp":1788376072674,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"Suppl 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008522","name":"University of Illinois at Chicago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008522","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Institute For Health Research and Policy"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015283","name":"Bloomberg Philanthropies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16809"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Control"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although smoking prevalence and intensity in Serbia have decreased in recent years, expenditures on tobacco products still represent a significant portion of household budgets. As households have limited resources at their disposal, consuming tobacco means that they spend less on other items such as food, clothing, education and healthcare. This is particularly true for low-income households, for whom the pressure on the household budget is even higher.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this research we estimate the effect of tobacco consumption on other consumption items in Serbia, which is the first estimation of this type for the countries in Eastern Europe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We use microdata from the Household Budget Survey and estimation approach that includes the combination of seemingly unrelated regression and instrumental variables. Besides estimating the overall effect we analyse the differences in effects between low-income, medium-income and high-income households.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Expenditures on tobacco reduce consumption on food, clothing and education and increase the budget shares spent on complementary consumption items such as alcohol, hotels, bars and restaurants. In most cases, the effects are more pronounced for low-income households than for other groups. These results suggest that aside from the negative effects of tobacco consumption on health, it also distorts household consumption structure, while affecting intrahousehold allocation and future health and development of other household members.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results from this research underline the negative effect that tobacco expenditures have on consumption of other products. The only way for households to decrease expenditures on tobacco is to stop smoking, as the consumption of those who continue smoking changes less than cigarettes prices. To ensure that households stop smoking and instead direct their expenditures towards more productive purposes, the Serbian government should adopt new policies and strengthen enforcement of existing tobacco control measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2022-057727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T13:35:34Z","timestamp":1680096934000},"page":"s88-s94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Crowding-out effect of tobacco consumption in Serbia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6020-1355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Vladisavljevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1717-2066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jovan","family":"Zubovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0676-4787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivera","family":"Jovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihailo","family":"\u0110uki\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.1","unstructured":"John R , Chelwa G , Vulovic V , et al . Using household expenditure surveys for research in the economics of tobacco control. A tobacconomics toolkit. Chicago, IL: Tobacconomics, Health Policy Center, Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2019. Available: https:\/\/tobacconomics.org\/research\/a-toolkit-on-using-household-expenditure-surveys-for-research-in-the-economics-of-tobacco-control\/"},{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.11.020"},{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2014-052000"},{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.4","unstructured":"Koch SF , Tshiswaka-Kashalala G . Tobacco substitution and the poor. South Africa: Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, 2008. Available: https:\/\/www.up.ac.za\/media\/shared\/Legacy\/UserFiles\/wp_2008_32.pdf"},{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2019-055307"},{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.6","unstructured":"Eurostat . Tobacco consumption statistics \u2013 EHIS data, online database (indicator hlth_ehis_sk3e). 2022. Available: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Tobacco_consumption_statistics [Accessed 29 Nov 2022]."},{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.7","unstructured":"Eurostat . At-risk-of-poverty rate by poverty threshold and household type - EU-SILC and ECHP surveys, online database. 2022. Available: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/databrowser\/view\/ilc_li03\/default\/table?lang=en [Accessed 21 Apr 2021]."},{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.8","unstructured":"Zubovi\u0107 J , Vladisavljevi\u0107 M , \u0110uki\u0107 M , et al . Survey of tobacco products consumption in Southeastern Europe (STC-SEE). Serbia, 2019. Available: http:\/\/dcs.ien.bg.ac.rs\/61\/"},{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.11.4.372"},{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.10","unstructured":"Pollak RA , Wales TJ . Demand system specification and estimation. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1995."},{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/003465397557015"},{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.12","unstructured":"Zubovi\u0107 J , Jovanovi\u0107 O , \u0110uki\u0107 M , et al . Adult tobacco consumption in Serbia, 2019. Belgrade, Serbia: Institute of Economic Sciences, 2020. Available: https:\/\/tobacconomics.org\/research\/adult-tobacco-consumption-in-serbia-2019-report\/"},{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deaton A . The analysis of household surveys. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 31 July 1997. doi:10.1596\/0-8018-5254-4","DOI":"10.1596\/0-8018-5254-4"},{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2003.12.003"},{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2019-055262"},{"key":"2024070202402329000_33.Suppl_2.s88.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.05.006","article-title":"The effect of MPOWER scores on cigarette smoking prevalence and consumption","volume":"105S","author":"Ngo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Med"}],"container-title":["Tobacco Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tobaccocontrol.bmj.com\/syndication\/doi\/10.1136\/tc-2022-057727","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/tc-2022-057727","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T05:51:15Z","timestamp":1719899475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tobaccocontrol.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/tc-2022-057727"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/tc-2022-057727"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tc-2022-057727","relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-4563","1468-3318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-4563","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]}}}