{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T02:37:41Z","timestamp":1755225461018,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Research at The Ohio State University"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9\/16\/2021-8\/30\/2023","R21CA249757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9\/16\/2021-8\/30\/2023","R21CA249757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center","award":["1\/1\/2021-06\/30\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/1\/2021-06\/30\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Control"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The present study empirically examined the association between price discounts and product attributes of e-liquids sold by online retailers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We analysed 14\u2009000 e-liquid products from five major online e-cigarette retailers between April and May 2021 to determine the association between price discounts and product attributes such as nicotine level and form, flavour and vegetable glycerine\/propylene glycol ratio. A fixed-effects model was used in the analysis and discounts were calculated in US cents\/mL of e-liquid volume.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Out of 14\u2009407 e-liquid products, 92.5% were offered at a discounted price. On average, the price discount for the 13\u2009324 products that had discounts was 16.84 cents\/mL across the five stores. Among the three forms of nicotine (salt, freebase and nicotine free), salt e-liquids had the highest average price discount.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings suggest that e-liquids with salt nicotine have a higher average price discount when sold online, which may influence consumer purchasing behaviour. Further research is needed to assess the potential impact of these discounts on youth and adult tobacco use. Policymakers may consider implementing measures to limit online price discounts for e-liquids as a means of reducing sales among young people.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2022-057781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T13:21:35Z","timestamp":1684329695000},"page":"817-819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["What types of e-liquid products were more likely to offer price promotions?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8797-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6086-0622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaoying","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6279-6102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanyun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zefeng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8838-4250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ce","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081305275064000_33.6.817.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056667"},{"key":"2025081305275064000_33.6.817.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148870","article-title":"Price promotions of e-liquid products sold in online stores","volume":"19","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025081305275064000_33.6.817.3","unstructured":"Centers for disease control and Preventions . Youth and tobacco use; 2022."},{"key":"2025081305275064000_33.6.817.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.11336","article-title":"Characteristics of e-cigarette use behaviors among US youth, 2020","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025081305275064000_33.6.817.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-019-00244-4"},{"key":"2025081305275064000_33.6.817.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354919830967"},{"key":"2025081305275064000_33.6.817.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106077","article-title":"The role of flavors in vaping initiation and satisfaction among U.S. adults","volume":"99","author":"Landry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2025081305275064000_33.6.817.8","unstructured":"Walensky RP , Bunnell R , Layden J . Morbidity and mortality weekly report tobacco product use and associated factors among middle and high school students-national youth tobacco survey, United States, 2021 centers for disease control and prevention MMWR editorial and production staff (Serials) MMWR editorial board; 2021."},{"key":"2025081305275064000_33.6.817.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.020","article-title":"Prospective predictors of flavored e-cigarette use: a one-year longitudinal study of young adults in the U.S","volume":"191","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2025081305275064000_33.6.817.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01815-2019","article-title":"E-cigarette use and respiratory disorders: An integrative review of converging evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies","volume":"57","author":"Wills","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2025081305275064000_33.6.817.11","unstructured":"The consumer advocates for smoke-free alternatives association. 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