{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:37:39Z","timestamp":1787726259985,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"name":"UCSF Clinical and Translational Science Institute","award":["UL1 TR001872-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR001872-06"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005188","name":"California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["27IR-0042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27IR-0042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005188","name":"California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T31FT1564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T31FT1564"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005188","name":"California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32KT5071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32KT5071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 HL147127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 HL147127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA141661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA141661"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Control"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe how young adults use electronic cigarettes (electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)) for smoking cessation and reasons why they may or may not successfully quit smoking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal qualitative data were collected annually from 2017 to 2019 for 25 young adult tobacco users (aged 18\u201329 years) in California (USA) who used ENDS to quit\/reduce smoking. Thematic and trajectory analyses were used to identify key within-person and between-person changes in tobacco\/nicotine use over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Five types of tobacco use transition were identified among baseline dual users of cigarettes and ENDS:\n                      <jats:italic>sustained dual use without reduced smoking<\/jats:italic>\n                      (n=8),\n                      <jats:italic>transition to exclusive daily ENDS use<\/jats:italic>\n                      (n=6),\n                      <jats:italic>sustained dual use with reduced smoking<\/jats:italic>\n                      (n=5),\n                      <jats:italic>transition back to exclusive smoking<\/jats:italic>\n                      (n=4) and\n                      <jats:italic>transition to neither smoking nor vaping<\/jats:italic>\n                      (n=2). Participants\u2019 ENDS use behaviour varied over time in terms of vaping quantity and device characteristics (eg, changing nicotine concentrations\/flavours, switching between multiple devices). Three themes that related to successfully replacing cigarettes with ENDS were\n                      <jats:italic>perceived positive physical effects, perceived satisfaction and enjoyment<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>context changes<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Four themes for unsuccessful replacement were\n                      <jats:italic>perceived negative physical discomforts, perceived addictiveness and harm<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>unsatisfactory substitution for cigarettes<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>device malfunction<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young adults\u2019 experiences with using ENDS as a smoking cessation aid were highly variable. Adequate nicotine delivery and perceived safety and benefits contributed to successfully reducing or quitting cigarettes. Providing behavioural counselling and standardising ENDS products may enhance cessation for young adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2022-057804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T13:20:46Z","timestamp":1681824046000},"page":"596-602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["\u201cI\u2019m both smoking and vaping\u201d: a longitudinal qualitative study of US young adults who tried to quit smoking cigarettes by using electronic cigarettes"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8661-9597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nhung","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0023-1127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly A","family":"Koester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7715-6826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6234-6654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon Lea","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6166-9347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela M","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092601251503000_33.5.596.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.19022","article-title":"Trends in the age of cigarette smoking initiation among young adults in the us from 2002 to 2018","volume":"3","author":"Barrington-Trimis","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2024092601251503000_33.5.596.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.19365","article-title":"Young adults as a tobacco control priority population in the US","volume":"3","author":"Ganz","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2024092601251503000_33.5.596.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-018-0880-y","article-title":"Preventing smoking progression in young adults: the concept of prevescalation","volume":"20","author":"Villanti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"key":"2024092601251503000_33.5.596.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.02.024","article-title":"Correlates of poly-tobacco use among youth and young adults: findings from the population assessment of tobacco and health study, 2013-2014","volume":"187","author":"Osibogun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2024092601251503000_33.5.596.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-022-00448-1","article-title":"Dual use of combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes: a narrative review of current evidence","volume":"9","author":"Coleman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep"},{"key":"2024092601251503000_33.5.596.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.23266","article-title":"Assessment of patterns in e-cigarette use among adults in the US, 2017-2020","volume":"5","author":"Boakye","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2024092601251503000_33.5.596.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab249","article-title":"Trajectories of nicotine use leading to dual and cyclical tobacco product use in young adults","volume":"24","author":"Kechter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2024092601251503000_33.5.596.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty270","article-title":"Cold turkey and hot vapes? 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