{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T10:31:30Z","timestamp":1740133890729,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"e1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Control"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Menthol facilitates smoking initiation among young people, enhances nicotine\u2019s addictiveness and fosters the false belief that menthol products are safer. As a result, several countries have banned use of menthol as a characterising flavour. Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) could disallow menthol-flavoured cigarettes as part of its endgame legislation; however, little is known about the NZ menthol market.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the NZ menthol market, we analysed tobacco company returns to the Ministry of Health from 2010 to 2021. We calculated the market share of menthol cigarettes as a percentage of total cigarettes released for sale, estimated capsule cigarettes\u2019 market share as a percentage of total cigarette released for sale and menthol released for sale, and calculated menthol roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco released for sale as a percentage of total RYO released.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Menthol brands accounted for a relatively small but nonetheless sizeable proportion of NZ\u2019s tobacco market and in 2021 constituted 13% of NZ\u2019s factory made cigarette market and 7% of the RYO market, representing 161\u2009million cigarettes and 25 tonnes of RYO. The introduction of capsule technologies using menthol flavours corresponded with a rise in menthol sales among factory made cigarettes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Capsule technologies using menthol flavours work synergistically to enhance the appeal of smoking and appear likely to encourage experimentation among non-smoking young people. Comprehensive policy that regulates menthol flavours and innovations used to deliver flavour sensations will support tobacco endgame goals in NZ and could inform policy in other countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2022-057823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T18:20:35Z","timestamp":1678213235000},"page":"e122-e124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Regulating flavours and flavour delivery technologies: an analysis of menthol cigarettes and RYO tobacco in Aotearoa New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2459-6393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Gendall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4362-1539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet","family":"Hoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2015-052356"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.125542"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200310001649478","article-title":"The african americanization of menthol cigarette use in the United States","volume":"6 Suppl 1","author":"Gardiner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii1","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2011.043604","article-title":"Menthol: putting the pieces together","volume":"20 Suppl 2","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.5","unstructured":"Campaign for tobacco-free kids . States & localities that have restricted the sale of flavored tobacco products. 2022. Available: www.tobaccofreekids.org\/assets\/factsheets\/0398.pdf"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.6","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration . FDA proposes rules prohibiting menthol cigarettes and flavored cigars to prevent youth initiation, significantly reduce tobacco-related disease and death. Bethesda: FDA, 2022. Available: www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-proposes-rules-prohibiting-menthol-cigarettes-and-flavored-cigars-prevent-youth-initiation"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200310001649469","article-title":"Menthol pharmacology and its potential impact on cigarette smoking behavior","volume":"6","author":"Ahijevych","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Res"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622203310001649513"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntq208"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2010.041947"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S110","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntq203","article-title":"The role of menthol in cigarettes as a reinforcer of smoking behavior","volume":"12 Suppl 2","author":"Ahijevych","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2022.08.019","article-title":"Effect of menthol on nicotine reduction: pooled results from two double-blind randomized controlled trials","volume":"189","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115501","article-title":"Australian smokers\u2019 sensory experiences and beliefs associated with menthol and non-menthol cigarettes","volume":"18","author":"Mancuso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-057082"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2018-054470"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.16","unstructured":"Campaign for tobacco-free kids . Legislation by country. France Tobacco Control Laws; 2021. Available: www.tobaccocontrollaws.org\/legislation\/france"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.17","unstructured":"WHO study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation (TobReg) . Advisory note: banning menthol in tobacco products. Geneva, 2016. Available: www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/advisory-note-banning-menthol-in-tobacco-products-who-study-group-on-tobacco-product-regulation"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.18","unstructured":"New Zealand Government . Smokefree environments and regulated products (smoked tobacco) amendment bill. New Zealand: Amendment Bill, 2022. Available: https:\/\/bills.parliament.nz\/v\/6\/cad89158-461d-4392-aad3-e499142a0114?Tab=history"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edwards R , Waa A , Stanley J , et al . Achieving the tobacco endgame. the case for removing additives: findings from the ITC new zealand survey. In: World Conference Tobacco or Health Cape Town, South Africa 16. 2018: doi:10.18332\/tid\/84074","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/84074"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.20","unstructured":"Ministry of Health . Tobacco returns. Available: www.health.govt.nz\/our-work\/preventative-health-wellness\/tobacco-control\/tobacco-returns"},{"key":"2024051311173997000_33.e1.e122.21","unstructured":"Ministry of Health . Annual update of key results 2020\/21: new zealand health survey. Wellington: Ministry of Health, 2021. 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