{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:40:14Z","timestamp":1793277614038,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54CA180905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54CA180905"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01HL148907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01HL148907"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24DA048160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24DA048160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Control"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This clinical experiment tested the effects of exposure to e-cigarettes with WS-23 or menthol cooling additives on user appeal and sensory attributes, and, secondarily, whether WS-23 effects generalised across base characterising flavour, nicotine concentration, or nicotine\/tobacco product use status.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this within-participant double-blind experiment, adult tobacco\/nicotine users administered standardised puffs of 18 different e-cigarette solutions in randomised sequences using a pod-style device. Each of three base characterising e-cigarette flavour solutions (\u2018bold tobacco\u2019, \u2018mango,\u2019 \u2018wintergreen\u2019) in both 2% and 4% concentrations of nicotine benzoate salt were manipulated by adding either: (1) Menthol (0.5%), (2) WS-23 (0.75%) or (3) No cooling agent. After each administration, participants rated 3 appeal and 5 sensory attributes (0\u2013100 scales).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>\nParticipants (n=84; M(SD)=38.6 (13.6) years old) were either exclusive e-cigarette (25.0%), cigarette (36.9%) or dual (38.1%) users. WS-23 versus no coolant products produced higher liking, willingness to use again, smoothness, and coolness and lower disliking, bitterness, and harshness ratings (|B|\n<jats:sub>difference<\/jats:sub>\n    range: 4.8 to 20.1; ps&lt;0.005). Menthol (vs no coolant) increased willingness to use again and reduced harshness and coolness (ps&lt;0.05). Flavours with WS-23 (vs menthol) were rated as smoother, cooler and less harsh (ps&lt;0.05). Coolant effects did not differ by base flavour, nicotine concentration, or tobacco use status.\n<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>\nAdding synthetic coolant WS-23 to e-cigarettes appears to make the vaping user experience more appealing, regardless of characterising base flavour. Regulatory agencies should be aware that the manufacturing process of adding synthetic coolants may increase the attractiveness of various e-cigarette products.\n<jats:named-content content-type=\"\">Cite Now<\/jats:named-content>\n<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2023-058125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T18:21:17Z","timestamp":1699467677000},"page":"175-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Effects of \u2018Ice\u2019 flavoured e-cigarettes with synthetic cooling agent WS-23 or menthol on user-reported appeal and sensory attributes"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3818-141X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alayna P","family":"Tackett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2929-5928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae Hee","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Peraza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reid C","family":"Whaley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rael","family":"Cahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raina","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Monterosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5962-8586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle K","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6748-3068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej Lukasz","family":"Goniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1217-525X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam M","family":"Leventhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040103450570000_34.2.175.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-057073"},{"key":"2025040103450570000_34.2.175.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056780"},{"key":"2025040103450570000_34.2.175.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/NTR\/NTAC046"},{"key":"2025040103450570000_34.2.175.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18332\/tpc\/150771","article-title":"A content analysis of website marketing for cooling flavored e-liquids in a sample of brick-and-mortar vape shops in the greater Los Angeles area","volume":"8","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tob Prev Cessat"},{"key":"2025040103450570000_34.2.175.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2022-057395"},{"key":"2025040103450570000_34.2.175.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadr.2022.100068","article-title":"Preferences, use, and perceived access to flavored e-cigarettes among United States adolescents and young adults","volume":"3","author":"Chaffee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend Rep"},{"key":"2025040103450570000_34.2.175.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2020-056416"},{"key":"2025040103450570000_34.2.175.8","unstructured":"Directive 2014\/40\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014. 2014. 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