{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T23:02:25Z","timestamp":1780959745256,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 publique France"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Control"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One in four French adults smoked daily in 2021, compared with one in six in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. To strengthen its tobacco control policy, in 2016, France has started implementing a policy package that includes a 3-year gradual price increase, plain packaging, an annual social marketing campaign promoting cessation and the reimbursement of nicotine replacement products. This study aims to evaluate the health and economic impact of this policy package.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The long-term policy impact on disease cases, healthcare expenditure and gains in labour participation and productivity was evaluated by using the OECD microsimulation model for Strategic Public Health Planning for Non-Communicable Diseases. The model was fed with historical and projected trends on tobacco smoking prevalence as produced by the policy package.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over the period 2023\u20132050, the policy package is estimated to avoid about 4.03 million (2.09\u201311.84\u2009million) cases of chronic diseases, save \u20ac578 million (365\u20131848\u2009million) per year in health expenditure and increase employment and workforce productivity by the equivalent to 19\u2009800 (9100\u201359 900) additional full-time workers per year, compared with a scenario in which the intervention package is not implemented. The intervention cost is estimated at about \u20ac148 million per year. For each euro invested in the policy package, \u20ac4 will be returned in long-term savings in healthcare expenditure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The tobacco control policy package implemented by France, targeting smoking initiation and promoting tobacco cessation is an effective intervention with an excellent return on investment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2023-058568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T14:51:36Z","timestamp":1722437496000},"page":"746-752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Economic evaluation of the recent French tobacco control policy: a model-based approach"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0753-5871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Devaux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OECD, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Dorfmuller Ciampi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OECD, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Guignard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali\u00e9nor","family":"Lerouge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OECD, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Aldea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OECD, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vi\u00eat","family":"Nguyen-Thanh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Arwidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u00e9 Publique France, The French Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Cecchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OECD, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121203350905000_34.6.746.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01169-7"},{"key":"2025121203350905000_34.6.746.2","unstructured":"OECD . 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