{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:28:06Z","timestamp":1793413686822,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Control"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The WHO South-East Asia Region is home to around 33% of adult tobacco users. To inform tobacco control policy and practice, we conducted a study using the latest available data to update mortality attributable to overall tobacco use, including smoked tobacco, smokeless tobacco (SLT) and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, in the 11 countries of the Region.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We estimated smoking, SLT use and SHS exposure using the latest available surveys for each country during 2016\u20132021, and then estimated all-cause and lung cancer-attributable annual deaths for each using the population-attributable fraction method. Finally, we estimated the annual total tobacco-attributable deaths including all three exposures using the multiplicative aggregation method.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We estimated the occurrence of 4\u2009087\u2009920 all-cause deaths and 105\u2009279 lung cancer deaths annually attributable to tobacco use among the 11 countries investigated. India accounted for 63.9% of all-cause tobacco-attributable deaths.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The high annual number of tobacco-attributable deaths in the Region highlights the need for accelerating progress in reducing tobacco use. Implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and MPOWER policy package needs prioritisation at the country level. Tobacco cessation services, supply-side measures and policies to counter tobacco industry interference should be strengthened. Further work is needed to monitor progress towards FCTC implementation and analyse the impacts of policies on tobacco-related outcomes, including attributable mortality and disease burden, to inform advocacy efforts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2024-058599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T13:20:15Z","timestamp":1717852815000},"page":"544-547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Update on numbers of tobacco-attributable deaths by country in the South-East Asia region: implications for policy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9800-9203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jagdish","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Free Initiative, World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind Vashishta","family":"Rinkoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Free Initiative, World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0863-1061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sol","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . WHO Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Use 2000\u20132030. 5th edn. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2012. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240088283"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.2","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation . GBD results tool. Seattle: US. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation; 2022. Available: http:\/\/ghdx.healthdata.org\/gbd-results-tool"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.03.016","article-title":"Methodological guidelines for the estimation of attributable mortality using a prevalence-based method: the STREAMS-P tool","volume":"147","author":"P\u00e9rez-R\u00edos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2022-057669"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.5","first-page":"531","article-title":"The occurrence of lung cancer in man","volume":"9","author":"Levin","year":"1953","journal-title":"Acta Union Int Contr"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.9.1223","article-title":"Excess mortality among cigarette smokers: changes in a 20-year interval","volume":"85","author":"Thun","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053302"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk043"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181fce49b"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.10","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs . World population prospects. 2021. Available: https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.11","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer . Cancer today, Available: https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today\/home"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.12","unstructured":"Ministry of Health (Maldives) . Maldives health Statistics 2020. Mal\u00e9: Maldives. Ministry of Healtj; 2021. Available: https:\/\/health.gov.mv\/storage\/uploads\/BkoMELod\/utbdxbkp.pdf"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-022-00900-8","article-title":"Estimating risk factor attributable burden \u2013 challenges and potential solutions when using the comparative risk assessment methodology","volume":"80","author":"Plass","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2019.20.3.971","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of cancers related to secondhand smoking in Southeast Asia countries","volume":"20","author":"Kristina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-011-9756-1"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.16","unstructured":"World Health Organization . WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023: protect people from tobacco smoke. Geneva: Switzerland WHO; 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240077164"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2021.22.S2.3","article-title":"Tobacco control in the South-East Asia region: accelerating impact by building on the achievements and navigating the challenges","volume":"22","author":"Prasad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.18","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Protocol to eliminate illicit trade in tobacco products, Available: https:\/\/fctc.who.int\/protocol\/overview"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01080-2","article-title":"The 20th anniversary of the WHO framework convention on tobacco control: hard won progress amid evolving challenges","volume":"402","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.20","first-page":"148","article-title":"Operationalizing evidence into action for providing viable crop diversification options to tobacco farmers in India\u2014a compelling case for change","volume":"2","author":"Kaur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Interdiscip Multidiscip Stud"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-022-01283-5","article-title":"Achieving the sustainable development goals in the post-pandemic era","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Humanit Soc Sci Commun"},{"key":"2025073109350539000_34.4.544.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-007177","article-title":"Mortality estimates for WHO SEAR countries: problems and prospects","volume":"6","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"}],"container-title":["Tobacco Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/tc-2024-058599","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T03:58:51Z","timestamp":1754884731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tobaccocontrol.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/tc-2024-058599"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/tc-2024-058599"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tc-2024-058599","relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-4563","1468-3318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-4563","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]}}}