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In this study, we explore associations between behavioural factors (time preferences, risk-taking, general self-efficacy and grit) and tobacco and e-cigarette use among adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>4084 adults in the Smoking and Lifestyles in Israel study (2020) were examined. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between behavioural factors and the following tobacco and e-cigarette use variables: factory-made cigarettes (FMC), roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes, water pipes, e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products (HTPs). Dual use of combustible cigarettes and water pipes, combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and combustible cigarettes and HTPs was also examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multivariable models revealed that impatient time preferences were significantly associated with higher odds of FMC, RYO and e-cigarette use (FMC: OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.32, 2.13; RYO: OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.00, 1.96; e-cigarettes: OR=1.93, 95% CI 1.14, 3.29) but not water pipes or HTPs. Higher risk-taking scores were associated with increased use of all tobacco products (eg, HTPs: OR=1.20; 95% CI 1.10, 1.32). Higher general self-efficacy was related to lower use of RYO (OR=0.82; 95% CI 0.69, 0.97), e-cigarettes (OR=0.46; 95% CI 0.35, 0.60) and HTPs (OR=0.32; 95% CI 0.24, 0.42). Increased general self-efficacy was also related to lower odds of dual use of all products, while impatience and higher risk-taking were associated with higher odds of dual use of all products. Grit was unrelated to the use of any product.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk-seeking and impatient preferences appear to increase the likelihood of using various tobacco products and e-cigarettes, whereas higher general self-efficacy appears as protective. These behavioural factors should be considered when designing interventions alongside evidence-based policies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2024-059005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T17:20:17Z","timestamp":1744392017000},"page":"tc-2024-059005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of psychological and behavioural economic factors with cigarette, water pipe, e-cigarette and heated tobacco use in Israel"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9542-0910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerem","family":"Shuval","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Meernik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8838-4250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ce","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tammy","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bob M","family":"Fennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Qadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0147-9722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Drope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025041510201758000_tc-2024-059005v2.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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