{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T08:34:27Z","timestamp":1761640467603,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"BMJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761609600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003825","name":"Magyar Tudom\u00e1nyos Akad\u00e9mia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["High-risk\/high yield research on post-COVID phenom"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["High-risk\/high yield research on post-COVID phenom"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Control"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smoke-free and aerosol-free households (SAFHs) reduce exposure to secondhand smoke and aerosol and support prevention and cessation efforts. However, SAFHs are less common in disadvantaged households, where women often initiate but lack the bargaining power to enforce bans. This power disparity is influenced by education. Our study examines the relationship between educational disparities and in-home smoking and in-home use of electronic devices for tobacco or nicotine aerosol delivery (EDTNAD) among couples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted among Hungarian adults from 15 November 2022 to 26 November 2022. Cohabiting couples (n=623) with no other adults in the households were included. Respondents provided information about themselves and their romantic partners. Self-reported permission for in-home smoking and in-home EDTNAD use, sociodemographic variables and tobacco\/nicotine use were assessed. Couples were the unit of analysis, and data were analysed using z-tests, cross-tabulation and binomial Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Allowing in-home smoking was negatively correlated with both partners having a secondary or higher education (SoHE) and with female-only SoHE, but not with male-only SoHE couples. Allowing in-home smoking and in-home EDTNAD use were both positively correlated with financial deprivation and negatively correlated with the presence of minors. Male partners\u2019 smoking and EDTNAD use showed consistently stronger effects than female partners\u2019 status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Allowing in-home smoking and in-home EDTNAD use is more prevalent in disadvantaged communities. The correlation between women\u2019s educational advantage (relative to their male partners) and in-home smoking suggests increased bargaining power to establish smoke-free homes. Our findings underscore the importance of gender-sensitive approaches in interventions aimed at promoting SAFH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2025-059333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T08:26:07Z","timestamp":1761639967000},"page":"tc-2025-059333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gendered educational disparities and in-home smoking and use of electronic tobacco\/nicotine devices among cohabiting couples: findings from a Hungarian cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3324-2255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Brys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Social Sciences Doctoral Program, Mental Health Sciences Division, Doctoral College, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute for Sociology, HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7396-4028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melinda","family":"P\u00e9nzes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data-Driven Health Division of the National Laboratory for Health Security, Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3043-5155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera","family":"B\u00e9k\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational & Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1372-7164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fruzsina","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sociology, HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102801252439000_tc-2025-059333v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106412","article-title":"Burden of disease from second-hand tobacco smoke exposure at home among adults from European Union countries in 2017: an analysis using a review of recent meta-analyses","volume":"145","author":"Carreras","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2025102801252439000_tc-2025-059333v1.2","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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