{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T02:10:45Z","timestamp":1776305445128,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Control"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The smoke-free generation (SFG) movement aims to prevent tobacco use among future generations through enhanced tobacco control policies. Political factors are critical levers for effective implementation but remain poorly understood. This study analyses political support for SFG advocacy among political parties. This paper outlines political parties\u2019 positions on SFG policies and identifies the political narratives influencing tobacco control policy progress.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ahead of the June 2024 Belgian election, a questionnaire was distributed to political parties (n=10), requesting their stance on 15 tobacco control policies and the rationale behind their responses. Factorial correspondence analysis was used to identify primary controversies, while thematic analysis was employed to uncover the main narratives.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The SFG initiative represents a political controversy. Although most parties endorse preventive measures to achieve an SFG, there is insufficient support for the most impactful regulatory policies. In particular, major parties across the ideological spectrum prioritise the short-term economic interests of adults who smoke over potential risks to young people. Narratives promoted by key political parties indicate a divergence from the core belief underlying the SFG movement, and protecting children is not consistently prioritised.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is a notable lack of commitment among political parties, both on the left and right, towards endorsing SFG advocacy, indicating weak adherence to the core values of the SFG movement.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2025-059412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T17:20:46Z","timestamp":1758129646000},"page":"tc-2025-059412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Political hurdles to implementing tobacco control policies: the case of the smoke-free generation policy in Belgium"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2663-332X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Lorant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Society, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8817-0265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Laloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Society, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"M\u00e9lard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belgian Foundation Against Cancer, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"van Kalmthout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belgian Alliance for a Smoke-Free Society, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Gabriels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belgian Foundation Against Cancer, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv016"},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chevalier JM , Buckles D . Participatory action research: theory and methods for engaged inquiry. 2nd edn. Abingdon, Oxon\u202f; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351033268"},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caluwaerts D , Reuchamps M . The legitimacy of citizen-led deliberative democracy: the G1000 in Belgium. 2018.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315270890"},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.4","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development . Health for everyone?: social inequalities in health and health systems. Paris OECD; 2019."},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007123400005317"},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.6","unstructured":"World Health A . WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Geneva World Health Organization; 2003."},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Topart F , B\u00e9guinot E , Gallopel-Morvan K . Analyzing arguments on tobacco tax increases. Focus on French parliamentary questions and responses, 2000-2020. Tob Induc Dis 2024;22. doi:10.18332\/tid\/175618","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/175618"},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.8","unstructured":"Greenacre MJ . Theory and applications of correspondence analysis. London: Academic Press, 1984."},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-022-00321-8"},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2011-050098","article-title":"What is known about tobacco industry efforts to influence tobacco tax? 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Tobacco control policy in the netherlands: between economy, public health, and ideology. In: Palgrave Studies in Public Health Policy Research. 1st edn. Cham: Springer International Publishing\u202f: Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018: 373.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-72368-6"},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2010.039982"},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cku065"},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntt175"},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9299.2012.02075.x"},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3917\/cris.2319.0001","article-title":"Le \u00ab\u202ftax shift\u202f\u00bb ou glissement fiscal","volume":"n\u00b0 2319-2320","author":"Simar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Courrier Hebdomadaire Du CRISP"},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12971-017-0151-x"},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62082-0"},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.22","unstructured":"De Wever B . Accord de coalition f\u00e9d\u00e9rale, 2025-2029. Bruxelles, 2025."},{"key":"2025091710203942000_tc-2025-059412v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.18332\/tpc\/134220","article-title":"Tobacco control partnership capacity: An overview and comparison of 18 European partnerships","volume":"7","author":"Willemsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tob Prev Cessat"}],"container-title":["Tobacco Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/tc-2025-059412","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T17:20:49Z","timestamp":1758129649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tobaccocontrol.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/tc-2025-059412"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/tc-2025-059412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tc-2025-059412","relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-4563","1468-3318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-4563","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]}}}