{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:30:38Z","timestamp":1759883438871,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","funder":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01CA269848","R21CA280049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA269848","R21CA280049"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Control"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As an increasing number of US states legalise cannabis use, they are faced with creating policies to regulate cannabis sales. In this observational cross-sectional study in Oklahoma, we estimate the prevalence of medical cannabis dispensaries selling tobacco products, which may increase the risk of tobacco use and cannabis co-use due to increased exposure to tobacco retail marketing and availability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We downloaded publicly available medical cannabis dispensary and tobacco licence lists from the Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority and the Oklahoma State Department of Health (April 2024). Using fuzzy matching techniques, we identified businesses that were on both the cannabis and tobacco licensing lists. Then, we conducted online Google business and image searches to assess the availability or marketing (yes\/no) of tobacco products in cannabis dispensaries by looking for tobacco products (eg, cigarillos) and marketing (eg, cigarette ads on window fronts).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 2166 licensed medical cannabis dispensaries and 4974 licensed tobacco retailers in Oklahoma. We identified 56 licensed cannabis dispensaries that potentially sold tobacco (56\/2166=2.6% of all dispensaries) and 91 licensed tobacco retailers that potentially sold cannabis (91\/4974=1.8% of all tobacco retailers).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As cannabis legalisation increases, cannabis dispensaries and tobacco retailers may begin selling both substances, potentially leading to initiation, increased use and co-use and decreased cessation of tobacco and cannabis products. To address these health risks, state and local laws that clearly prohibit retailers from selling both substances simultaneously are needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2025-059597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T17:20:38Z","timestamp":1759857638000},"page":"tc-2025-059597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Estimating tobacco product availability prevalence in medical cannabis dispensaries in Oklahoma, USA, 2024"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8361-7342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Y","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lily","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5955-5148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly G","family":"Wagoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7318-9081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beth A","family":"Reboussin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2660-8383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin L","family":"Sutfin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6256-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel P","family":"Giovenco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Meaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Law Center, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100710201908000_tc-2025-059597v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2024.108129","article-title":"Trends in cannabis and tobacco co-use in the United States, 2002-2021","volume":"158","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2025100710201908000_tc-2025-059597v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2024.113935","article-title":"Co-Use of Tobacco Products and Cannabis Is Associated with Absenteeism and Lower Grades in California High School Students","volume":"268","author":"Dove","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025100710201908000_tc-2025-059597v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03837.x"},{"key":"2025100710201908000_tc-2025-059597v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056723"},{"key":"2025100710201908000_tc-2025-059597v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab122","article-title":"Increasing Cannabis Use Is Associated With Poorer Cigarette Smoking Cessation Outcomes: Findings From the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys, 2016-2018","volume":"24","author":"Driezen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"2025100710201908000_tc-2025-059597v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz085"},{"key":"2025100710201908000_tc-2025-059597v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith DM , Nucci-Sack A , Shyhalla K , et al . Tobacco-Cannabis Co-use and Risk of Substance Use Problems Among Black and Hispanic Adolescent and Young Adult Females in New York City. Int J Ment Health Addiction 2024. doi:10.1007\/s11469-024-01355-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-024-01355-4"},{"key":"2025100710201908000_tc-2025-059597v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.013","article-title":"A review of the additive health risk of cannabis and tobacco co-use","volume":"166","author":"Meier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2025100710201908000_tc-2025-059597v1.9","unstructured":"State medical cannabis laws. Washington, D.C National Conference of State Legislatures; 2025. 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Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/statesystem\/factsheets\/licensure\/Licensure.html#current-licensing [Accessed 23 Aug 2025]."},{"key":"2025100710201908000_tc-2025-059597v1.17","unstructured":"Schroyer J . Why red Oklahoma is home to a booming medical marijuana market. MJBizDaily. Available: https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/why-red-oklahoma-is-home-to-a-booming-medical-marijuana-market\/ [Accessed 3 Jun 2024]."},{"key":"2025100710201908000_tc-2025-059597v1.18","unstructured":"Latest Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Survey. Oklahoma State Department of Health, Oklahoma City, OK; 2023. Available: https:\/\/oklahoma.gov\/health\/news---events\/newsroom\/2023\/ok-smoking-decline.html [Accessed 3 Jun 2024]."},{"key":"2025100710201908000_tc-2025-059597v1.19","unstructured":"Forman C . New Oklahoma law extends marijuana business license moratorium until 2026. Oklahoma Voice; 2023. Available: https:\/\/oklahomavoice.com\/briefs\/new-oklahoma-law-extends-marijuana-business-license-moratorium-until-2026\/ [Accessed 1 May 2025]."},{"key":"2025100710201908000_tc-2025-059597v1.20","unstructured":"Dispensary license. Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority, Oklahoma City, OK; 2025. Available: https:\/\/oklahoma.gov\/omma\/businesses\/commercial-licenses\/dispensary-license.html [Accessed 23 May 2025]."},{"key":"2025100710201908000_tc-2025-059597v1.21","unstructured":"Pro tem paxton secures senate passage of senate bill 640 to better protect school children, places of worship from medical marijuana grows, marketing. Oklahoma Senate, Oklahoma City, OK; 2025. 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