{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T17:56:20Z","timestamp":1776448580173,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005002","name":"California Department of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDPH-20-10026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDPH-20-10026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005002","name":"California Department of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDPH-23-10363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDPH-23-10363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Control"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tobacco-free generation policies (TFG) are designed to gradually phase out tobacco use by prohibiting sales to individuals born after a fixed date. Few investigations examine TFG support among youth, whose support may be especially relevant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary data from online surveys (N=4847) and focus groups (9 groups; 33 participants) with California (USA) adolescents (aged 12\u201317)\u2009and young adults (aged 18\u201320)\u2009were collected in 2023 and 2024. From surveys, support for a TFG policy was quantified (among nine total policies), regression analysis identified correlates of support, and potential policy outcomes important to participants were described. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse focus group data for policy understanding, support and expectations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 32% of survey participants strongly agreed and 33% agreed with a TFG policy. However, the TFG agreement was less than for all other tobacco policies presented, including a sudden end to all tobacco sales. A cleaner environment (56%), less illness and death (49%) and less addiction (48%) were potential TFG policy outcomes important to the most participants. In focus groups, most but not all participants comprehended the concept of a birthdate-based sales phase-out and generally supported it. Themes discovered included TFG policy comprehension, societal benefits, limiting individual freedom and implementation scepticism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many California youth supported a TFG policy but to a lesser degree than other tobacco policies. To secure youth policy backing, public communication should address personal liberties and implementation concerns and emphasise youth-resonant policy outcomes, such as environmental benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2025-059859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T17:20:28Z","timestamp":1776446428000},"page":"tc-2025-059859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tobacco-free generation policy support among California adolescents and young adults"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2046-4035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin W","family":"Chaffee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"},{"name":"Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4149-9376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth T","family":"Couch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"},{"name":"Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"},{"name":"Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omara","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy Fan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Gansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"},{"name":"Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khadijat","family":"Alli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2221-0485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Candice D","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0000-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Hoeft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"},{"name":"Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051211"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.3896","article-title":"Guidance for Introducing the Tobacco-Free Generation Policy","volume":"40","author":"Berrick","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Health Plann 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Maldives bans smoking for younger generations. BBC; 2025. Available: https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/articles\/crex3154l8jo"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00712-5","article-title":"Smoke-free generation a step closer in the UK","volume":"26","author":"Kirby","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrew A . New Zealand\u2019s world-first smokefree legislation \u201cgoes up in smoke\u201d: A setback in ending the tobacco epidemic. Health Policy 2024;147. doi:10.1016\/j.healthpol.2024.105123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2024.105123"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2018-054861"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2022-057856"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2016-053585"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.101013","article-title":"Support for smoke-free generation strategies in Italy","volume":"44","author":"Scala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.13129"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2022-057658"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2024-058913"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae261"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000000468"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2023-058288"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31823ab7d2"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.21","unstructured":"Izrael D , Hoaglin DC , Battaglia MP . A sas macro for balancing a weighted sample. SAS Glob Forum; 2017.275."},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/13645579.2024.2320144","article-title":"Impact of survey item wording on reported tobacco use among youth: effect of adding \u201ceven one or two puffs\u201d to use questions","volume":"28","author":"Chaffee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159x.2020.1755030"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02692163241234800"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2023-058186"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16538","article-title":"Not-so-disposable e-cigarettes: Methods young people use to discard single-use e-cigarettes","volume":"120","author":"Donovan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051125"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kniess J . (Un)equal treatment in the \u201ctobacco-free generation\u201d. J Med Ethics 2025;51. doi:10.1136\/jme-2024-110209","DOI":"10.1136\/jme-2024-110209"},{"key":"2026041710201393000_tc-2025-059859v1.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.12.006","article-title":"Medical populism","volume":"221","author":"Lasco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"}],"container-title":["Tobacco Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/tobaccocontrol.bmj.com\/syndication\/doi\/10.1136\/tc-2025-059859","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/tc-2025-059859","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T17:20:32Z","timestamp":1776446432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tobaccocontrol.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/tc-2025-059859"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.1136\/tc-2025-059859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tc-2025-059859","relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-4563","1468-3318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-4563","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]}}}