{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:40:36Z","timestamp":1787017236501,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"BMJ","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No 101008139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No 101008139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000761","name":"Imperial College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Universities and Research from the Government of Catalonia","award":["2021SGR00906"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021SGR00906"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Control"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tobacco endgame strategies aim to reduce smoking prevalence to minimal levels (&lt;5%) through measures that expand traditional tobacco control approaches. Although some countries have set endgame targets, most still report prevalence rates &gt;15%, and practical guidance on how to assess readiness for endgame implementation remains limited. This study aims to synthetise the key determinants of jurisdictions\u2019 readiness for tobacco endgame and proposes a self-assessment tool to evaluate it.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative review of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2010 and September 2025 was conducted. Publications were identified through targeted searches of academic databases and relevant organisational websites. A thematic synthesis of evidence on political, social and structural determinants of readiness was undertaken to identify recurring domains, which were later used to inform the development of a self-assessment tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine readiness domains were identified: relatively low smoking prevalence; advanced implementation of WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control measures; robust enforcement infrastructure; social denormalisation of smoking; broad public understanding and support for ending tobacco use; a positive political climate and strong political will and leadership; a cohesive tobacco control community and civil society; minimal tobacco industry interference with strong protective mechanisms; and sufficient resources to implement tobacco endgame action plan. These domains guided the development of an evidence-informed self-assessment tool to help jurisdictions evaluate readiness, identify gaps and prioritise strategic actions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Assessment of Readiness for Tobacco Endgame tool offers an evidence-informed framework to assess tobacco endgame readiness, helping jurisdictions assess capacities, identify gaps and guide strategic decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2025-059920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T17:20:53Z","timestamp":1777915253000},"page":"tc-2025-059920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["From vision to action: a framework to assess readiness for the tobacco endgame"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0033-9026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariadna","family":"Feliu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES), Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0108-3288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 M\u00e8dica de Bellvitge\u2013IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Maternal Health and Mental Health, School of Nursing, Universitat de Barcelona, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0171-9570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantine","family":"Vardavas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4239-723X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteve","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES), Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 M\u00e8dica de Bellvitge\u2013IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Secretariat of Public Health, Department of Health, Government of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2101-2559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippos T","family":"Filippidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026050410203128000_tc-2025-059920v1.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12918"},{"key":"2026050410203128000_tc-2025-059920v1.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2018-054389"},{"key":"2026050410203128000_tc-2025-059920v1.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e166","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30045-2","article-title":"Implementation of key demand-reduction measures of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and change in smoking prevalence in 126 countries: an association study","volume":"2","author":"Gravely","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2026050410203128000_tc-2025-059920v1.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051211"},{"key":"2026050410203128000_tc-2025-059920v1.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2015-052356"},{"key":"2026050410203128000_tc-2025-059920v1.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2011-050294"},{"key":"2026050410203128000_tc-2025-059920v1.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.06.012"},{"key":"2026050410203128000_tc-2025-059920v1.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056579"},{"key":"2026050410203128000_tc-2025-059920v1.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruokolainen O , Ollila H , Laatikainen T , et al . 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