{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:35:05Z","timestamp":1785522905404,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute On Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health","award":["K23DA055736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DA055736"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tob Control"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to evaluate preliminary efficacy and implementation outcomes of an e-cigarette and tobacco cessation intervention for hospitalised youth in the USA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a pilot randomised controlled trial at a paediatric hospital with 3-month follow-up from August 2023 to December 2024. Hospitalised youth (14\u201321 years) with self-reported past 30-day e-cigarette use were eligible. Exclusions included severe medical\/psychiatric illness, cognitive impairment and inability to communicate in English. Intervention entailed health education, motivational interviewing counselling, quit planning, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and phone booster sessions. Control entailed brief advice and quit programme referral. The primary outcome was self-reported past 30-day e-cigarette abstinence at 3\u2009months with biochemical confirmation with intention-to-treat (ITT) sensitivity analysis. Implementation outcomes included acceptability, feasibility and fidelity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 144 hospitalised youth enrolled, the mean age was 16.2 years (SD: 1.3) and 62% were female. At 3\u2009months there was no difference in past 30-day e-cigarette abstinence between arms (intervention 43% vs control 42%; p=0.91). In ITT analysis we found the OR of abstinence was OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.27 to 2.19, p=0.62) in the intervention versus control. Mean fidelity score was 43 (SD: 3; out of 50). All intervention participants (n=96) completed the initial in-person intervention, 49% made a quit plan, of those 23% were prescribed NRT. Most (89%) were somewhat\/very satisfied with the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study is among the first to demonstrate promising implementation but not efficacy of an e-cigarette cessation intervention in hospitalised youth. Future work is needed to enhance intervention efficacy in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05936099\">NCT05936099<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2025-060006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T17:20:30Z","timestamp":1785518430000},"page":"tc-2025-060006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pilot randomised controlled trial of an e-cigarette and tobacco use intervention for hospitalised youth"],"prefix":"10.1136","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05936099","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05936099","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5679-8320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbey R","family":"Masonbrink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"},{"name":"Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2503-2266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelbie","family":"Wooten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9904-3275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung-Wen","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7308-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephani","family":"Stancil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8672-4944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa K","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Emergency Medicine, Children\u2019s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2703-7001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4734-7020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara D","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"},{"name":"Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1217-525X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Leventhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7270-8732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delwyn","family":"Catley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026073110201893000_tc-2025-060006v1.1","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine . 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