{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:30:51Z","timestamp":1780101051185,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tob Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>To determine the efficacy of designated \u201cno smoking\u201d areas in the hospitality industry as a means of providing protection from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and whether certain design features assist in achieving this end.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methodology:<\/jats:bold>In the greater metropolitan region of Sydney, a representative group of 17 social and gaming clubs, licensed to serve alcoholic beverages and in which, apart from designated areas, smoking occurs, agreed to participate. In each establishment, simultaneous single measurements of atmospheric nicotine, particulate matter (10 \u03bcm; PM10) and carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) levels were measured in a general use area and in a designated \u201cno smoking\u201d area during times of normal operation, together with the levels in outdoor air (PM10 and CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>only). Analyses were made of these data to assess the extent to which persons using the \u201cno smoking\u201d areas were protected from exposure to ETS.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>By comparison with levels in general use areas, nicotine and particulate matter levels were significantly less in the \u201cno smoking\u201d areas, but were still readily detectable at higher than ambient levels. For nicotine, mean (SD) levels were 100.5 (45.3) \u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>in the areas where smoking occurred and 41.3 (16.1) \u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>in the \u201cno smoking\u201d areas. Corresponding PM10 levels were 460 (196) \u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>and 210 (210) \u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, while outdoor levels were 61 (23) \u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. The reduction in pollutants achieved through a separate room being designated \u201cno smoking\u201d was only marginally better than the reduction achieved when a \u201cno smoking\u201d area was contiguous with a smoking area. CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>levels were relatively uninformative.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>Provision of designated \u201cno smoking\u201d areas in licensed (gaming) clubs in New South Wales, Australia, provides, at best, partial protection from ETS\u2014typically about a 50% reduction in exposure. The protection afforded is less than users might reasonably have understood and is not comparable with protection afforded by prohibiting smoking on the premises.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2003.005488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,26]],"date-time":"2004-02-26T01:24:15Z","timestamp":1077758655000},"page":"17-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Designated \u201cno smoking\u201d areas provide from partial to no protection from environmental tobacco smoke"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"T","family":"Cains","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Cannata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Poulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"Ferson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B W","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051409085674000_13.1.17.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7367873"},{"key":"2024051409085674000_13.1.17.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2001.tb00564.x","volume":"25","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"2024051409085674000_13.1.17.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffmann D, Wynder EL. 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San Diego: Academic Press, 1999:257\u201370.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012473270-4\/50071-7"},{"key":"2024051409085674000_13.1.17.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2003.tb00400.x","volume":"27","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"}],"container-title":["Tobacco Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/tc.2003.005488","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T16:10:03Z","timestamp":1715703003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tobaccocontrol.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/tc.2003.005488"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,25]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/tc.2003.005488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tc.2003.005488","relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-4563","1468-3318"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-4563","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3318","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,25]]}}}