{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T05:15:51Z","timestamp":1792818951266,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759622400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thorax"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Improvements in critical care treatments have led to an increased number of survivors of critical illness and an enhanced recognition of the problems which these patients encounter. Despite this, the ideal strategies to both prevent and manage the problems which people face are yet to be fully elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This review explores the current methods employed to help mitigate problems encountered by survivors of critical illnesses and current barriers that limit their implementation. We will explore the effect of these issues on under-represented communities and the feasibility of delivering these strategies globally, as well as recent advances in mechanistic research and methodological innovation as promising areas for further work. In doing so, it summarises the potential avenues for future research with a view to advancing clinical care and outcomes in survivors of critical illness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2024-221997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T17:20:54Z","timestamp":1759684854000},"page":"611-620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Current strategies and future directions to enhance recovery following critical illness"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5290-4680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Andonovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK"},{"name":"Clinical Physics, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge Clinical School, Cambridge, England, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snigdha","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Boehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Bourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, England, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2882-1594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberley Joy","family":"Haines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2078-2578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie","family":"Danesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Health Research, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"MacTavish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Valley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regis Goulart","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christie","family":"Docherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Garrity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"McCall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Anaesthesia, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, Select State, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, England, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2707-2779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazir I","family":"Lone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8206-6801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"McPeake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.03989.x"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003218","article-title":"Co-Occurrence of Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Problems Among 406 Survivors of Critical Illness","volume":"46","author":"Marra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004444","article-title":"Prevalence and Course of Frailty in Survivors of Critical Illness","volume":"48","author":"Brummel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022450"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200406-763OC"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201512-2343OC"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318232da75"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201702-148SR","article-title":"Sleep Disturbance after Hospitalization and Critical Illness: A Systematic Review","volume":"14","author":"Altman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000040"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.08.023","article-title":"The relationship between executive dysfunction, depression, and mental health-related quality of life in survivors of critical illness: Results from the BRAIN-ICU investigation","volume":"37","author":"Duggan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2005.04148.x"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1301372"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202108-1857OC","article-title":"Prevalence, Intensity, and Clinical Impact of Dyspnea in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Invasive Ventilation","volume":"205","author":"Demoule","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8870","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression symptoms in patients during the first year post intensive care unit discharge","volume":"14","author":"Myhren","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000155992.21174.31"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000982"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07202-9","article-title":"Post-hospital recovery trajectories of family members of critically ill COVID-19 survivors: an international qualitative investigation","volume":"49","author":"McPeake","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511160"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.05.023"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.08.057","article-title":"Association Between Caregiver Strain and Emergency Health Care Resource Utilization in Survivors of Critical Illness","volume":"167","author":"Docherty","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12931","article-title":"Time to challenge the spurious hierarchy of systematic over narrative reviews?","volume":"48","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000003482"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070962","article-title":"Effect of ICU care bundles on long-term patient-relevant outcomes: a scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Paul","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2019.10.004"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.848545","article-title":"A bibliometric and visualized analysis of early mobilization in intensive care unit from 2000 to 2021","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60658-9"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00489-1","article-title":"Effect of early mobilisation on long-term cognitive impairment in critical illness in the USA: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2209083"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2200234","article-title":"The Effect of Mobilization at 6 Months after Critical Illness - Meta-Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Paton","year":"2023","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.4037\/aacnacc2023159","article-title":"Stopping Delirium Using the Awake-and-Walking Intensive Care Unit Approach: True Mastery of Critical Thinking and the ABCDEF Bundle","volume":"34","author":"Dayton","year":"2023","journal-title":"AACN Adv Crit Care"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/DCC.0000000000000461","article-title":"Environmental Factors Affecting Early Mobilization and Physical Disability Post-Intensive Care: An Integrative Review Through the Lens of the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health","volume":"40","author":"Potter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dimens Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2400137","article-title":"Early In-Bed Cycle Ergometry in Mechanically Ventilated Patients","volume":"3","author":"Kho","year":"2024","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005941"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2019.04.003"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2020958","article-title":"Report on the Third International Intensive Care Unit Diary Conference","volume":"40","author":"Nydahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurse"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000003547"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/DCC.0000000000000539","article-title":"The Effect of Intensive Care Unit Diaries on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety, and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"41","author":"Gazzato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dimens Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005095","article-title":"Transitions of Care After Critical Illness-Challenges to Recovery and Adaptive Problem Solving","volume":"49","author":"Haines","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13386","article-title":"Measuring the Scale of Hospital Health Record System Fragmentation in England","volume":"55","author":"Warren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2019-000714","article-title":"Development and application of \u2018systems thinking\u2019 principles for quality improvement","volume":"9","author":"McNab","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Qual"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfh.2022.100030","article-title":"Medication safety for intensive care patients transferring to a hospital ward: A Hierarchical Task Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Bourne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Human Factors in Healthcare"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-1941-0","article-title":"Transfers from intensive care unit to hospital ward: a multicentre textual analysis of physician progress notes","volume":"22","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004327","article-title":"Adverse Events After Transition From ICU to Hospital Ward: A Multicenter Cohort Study","volume":"48","author":"Sauro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chstcc.2024.100072","article-title":"Qualitative Insights Into Patients\u2019 and Family Members\u2019 Experiences of In-Hospital Medication Management After a Critical Care Episode","volume":"2","author":"Bourne","year":"2024","journal-title":"CHEST Crit Care"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-066757","article-title":"Understanding medication safety involving patient transfer from intensive care to hospital ward: a qualitative sociotechnical factor study","volume":"13","author":"Bourne","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03857-2","article-title":"Patient discharge from intensive care: an updated scoping review to identify tools and practices to inform high-quality care","volume":"25","author":"Plotnikoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2018.11.005","article-title":"A nurse-led critical care outreach program to reduce readmission to the intensive care unit: A quasi-experimental study with a historical control group","volume":"32","author":"So","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182a272c0"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.0822","article-title":"Increased Hospital-Based Physical Rehabilitation and Information Provision After Intensive Care Unit Discharge: The RECOVER Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"175","author":"Walsh","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005638","article-title":"A Multiple Baseline Trial of an Electronic ICU Discharge Summary Tool for Improving Quality of Care","volume":"50","author":"Stelfox","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2021-013760"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-024-07405-8","article-title":"Less inappropriate medication: first steps in medication optimization to improve post-intensive care patient recovery","volume":"50","author":"Bourne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000266"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005676","article-title":"Impact of a Nurse-Driven Patient Empowerment Intervention on the Reduction in Patients\u2019 Anxiety and Depression During ICU Discharge: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"50","author":"Cuzco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212438","article-title":"Information sharing between intensive care and primary care after an episode of critical illness; A mixed methods analysis","volume":"14","author":"Zilahi","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2023-220387"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06782-2","article-title":"Familiarity with the post-intensive care syndrome among general practitioners and opportunities to improve their involvement in ICU follow-up care","volume":"48","author":"Vlake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt KaG-B S . Transitions to primary care. In: Haines KM , Sevin C , eds. Improving critical care survivorship. Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2021.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-68680-2_17"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.7207"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chstcc.2024.100079","article-title":"Ideal Postdischarge Follow-Up After Severe Pneumonia or Acute Respiratory Failure: A Qualitative Study of Primary Care Clinicians in Diverse Settings","volume":"2","author":"Hauschildt","year":"2024","journal-title":"CHEST Crit Care"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.02.019","article-title":"Clinician- and Patient-Identified Solutions to Reduce the Fragmentation of Post-ICU Care in Australia","volume":"166","author":"Leggett","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp17X693029"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052214","article-title":"Recovery, rehabilitation and follow-up services following critical illness: an updated UK national cross-sectional survey and progress report","volume":"11","author":"Connolly","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.04.014"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2825","article-title":"Post-intensive care syndrome following cardiothoracic critical care: Feasibility of a complex intervention","volume":"53","author":"Henderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2021-218428"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03709-z","article-title":"Feasibility of a home-based interdisciplinary rehabilitation program for patients with Post-Intensive Care Syndrome: the REACH study","volume":"25","author":"Major","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-024-07359-x"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1595WS"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.70","article-title":"Characteristics of Post-ICU and Post-COVID Recovery Clinics in 29 U.S. Health Systems","volume":"4","author":"Danesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.130639"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0000000000004665"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-12-58","article-title":"A pilot randomized controlled trial to improve geriatric frailty","volume":"12","author":"Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-65","article-title":"A multifactorial interdisciplinary intervention reduces frailty in older people: randomized trial","volume":"11","author":"Cameron","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006315"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3349616"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.78","unstructured":"Magnan S . Social determinants of health 101 for health care: five plus five. NAM Perspectives: National Academy of Medicine, 2017."},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-023-02051-w","article-title":"Race and ethnicity in the COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium: demographics, treatments, and outcomes, an international observational registry study","volume":"22","author":"Griffee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12514","article-title":"Methods for Measuring Racial Differences in Hospitals Outcomes Attributable to Disparities in Use of High-Quality Hospital Care","volume":"52","author":"Hebert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201903-0623OC"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000005364"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103878","article-title":"Sociodemographic representation in ICU recovery research","volume":"86","author":"McPeake","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2023.01037","article-title":"Neighborhoods And Health: Interventions At The Neighborhood Level Could Help Advance Health Equity","volume":"43","author":"Arcaya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.01.034","article-title":"Organization of Outpatient Care After COVID-19 Hospitalization","volume":"161","author":"Valley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000005337"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.87","unstructured":"Programa melhor em casa. Saude Md. 2011 Available: https:\/\/www.gov.br\/saude\/pt-br\/composicao\/saes\/dahu\/melhor-em-casa"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.11606\/s1518-8787.2022056003759","article-title":"Satisfaction of caregivers and older adults who use the Better at Home Program","volume":"56","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.11606\/s1518-8787.2019053000859","article-title":"Effect of the Melhor em Casa program on hospital costs","volume":"53","author":"Nishimura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5146-4","article-title":"More than the tip of the iceberg: association between disabilities and inability to attend a clinic-based post-ICU follow-up and how it may impact on health inequalities","volume":"44","author":"Rosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170267","article-title":"Managing Neonatal and Early Childhood Syndromic Sepsis in Sub-District Hospitals in Resource Poor Settings: Improvement in Quality of Care through Introduction of a Package of Interventions in Rural Bangladesh","volume":"12","author":"Rahman","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004024","article-title":"Early and Late Mortality Following Discharge From the ICU: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"48","author":"Rosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307089","article-title":"Caregivers\u2019 and nurses\u2019 perceptions of the Smart Discharges Program for children with sepsis in Uganda: A qualitative study","volume":"19","author":"Behan","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2018.06.008","article-title":"Family and Support Networks Following Critical Illness","volume":"34","author":"Haines","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201903-248OC","article-title":"Return to Employment after Critical Illness and Its Association with Psychosocial Outcomes. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"16","author":"McPeake","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04014-z","article-title":"A multicentre evaluation exploring the impact of an integrated health and social care intervention for the caregivers of ICU survivors","volume":"26","author":"McPeake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.01.011"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.10.015"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1553"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-208114"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16258","article-title":"Association between inflammation and post-intensive care syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"79","author":"Docherty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03535-3","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after critical illness: recent insights","volume":"25","author":"Rousseau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2678-4","article-title":"Physical Rehabilitation Core Outcomes In Critical illness (PRACTICE): protocol for development of a core outcome set","volume":"19","author":"Connolly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.104","unstructured":"McPeake J , Connolly B , Lone N , et al . Focus or caregiver outcomes after critical illness. 2022."},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.14024","article-title":"Development of a core outcome set for general intensive care unit patients\u2014A protocol","volume":"66","author":"Kj\u00e6r","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j5748","article-title":"Statistical methods to compare functional outcomes in randomized controlled trials with high mortality","volume":"360","author":"Colantuoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-023-01102-3","article-title":"Critically ill patient mortality by age: long-term follow-up (CIMbA-LT)","volume":"13","author":"Gon\u00e7alves-Pereira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202104-1063PP","article-title":"Hospital-Free Days: A Pragmatic and Patient-centered Outcome for Trials among Critically and Seriously Ill Patients","volume":"204","author":"Auriemma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chstcc.2023.100003"},{"key":"2026051403202035000_81.6.611.110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202401-0101CP"}],"container-title":["Thorax"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/thorax-2024-221997","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T10:21:51Z","timestamp":1778754111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thorax.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/thorax-2024-221997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/thorax-2024-221997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax-2024-221997","relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-6376","1468-3296"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-6376","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3296","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]}}}