{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T02:47:16Z","timestamp":1793069236269,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022CFB058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CFB058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024AFB548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024AFB548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2503202, 2023YFC2509302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2503202, 2023YFC2509302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program","award":["2023FY100604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023FY100604"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health","award":["2024ZYJKA003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZYJKA003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thorax"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High-level exposure to crystalline silica dust is the key factor in silicosis. Long-term exposure to low-level silica dust, for example, lower than that in occupational exposure limits, still needs to be studied for their risk of silicosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 30\u2009697 workers were included from a cohort in China. Low-level silica dust exposure was defined as those having a lifetime mean silica dust concentration equal to or under permissible exposure limits, including 0.05 mg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 0.10 mg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      and 0.35 mg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Cumulative respirable silica dust exposure (CDE) for individual workers was assessed by linking a job-exposure matrix to personal work history.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among those with average exposure level equal to or lower than 0.05 mg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , compared with the lowest quartile CDE (Q1), the HRs of silicosis were 1.32 (95% CI 0.82 to 2.10) for Q2, 1.87 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.88) for Q3 and 2.00 (95% CI 1.30 to 3.09) for Q4. Among those exposed to 0.10 mg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      or less exposure level, compared with Q1, the HRs were 2.52 (95% CI 1.88 to 3.38) for Q2, 4.08 (95% CI 3.09 to 5.39) for Q3 and 4.02 (95% CI 3.04 to 5.32) for Q4. Among those exposed to 0.35 mg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      or less exposure level, compared with Q1, the HRs were 2.80 (95% CI 2.38 to 3.28) for Q2, 5.76 (95% CI 4.93 to 6.73) for Q3 and 7.14 (95% CI 6.07 to 8.40) for Q4, respectively. Stratified analysis showed that the results and trends did not change with facilities and smoking status.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term exposure to low-level silica dust is still associated with a higher risk of silicosis. Control measurements and personal protective equipment should be emphasised to protect the health of workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2024-222660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T13:20:12Z","timestamp":1742131212000},"page":"451-456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Long-term exposure to low-level crystalline silica and risk assessment of silicosis: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Dongming","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jixuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8689-7311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weihong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60235-9"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.2","unstructured":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration . OSHA fact sheet. Workers\u2019 exposure to respirable crystalline silica: final rule overview. 2016. Available: https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/Publications\/OSHA3683.pdf [Accessed 25 Mar 2016]."},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10001-008-0010-3"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32835bb19e"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001206","article-title":"Long-term exposure to silica dust and risk of total and cause-specific mortality in Chinese workers: a cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt139"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000143"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-33701-3"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700240409"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199611)30:5<529::AID-AJIM2>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.10.1372"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.03.054"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.58.1.31"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700160103"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000867"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.16","unstructured":"GESTIS\u2014International limit values for chemical agents 2009. Occupational exposures limits (OELs). Available: https:\/\/www.dguv.de\/ifa\/gestis\/gestis-internationale grenzwerte-fuer-chemische-substanzen limit-values-for-chemical-agents\/aktualitaet\/index-2.jsp [Accessed 17 Jun 2019]."},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199203000-00017"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/45.8.631"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02888156"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113793"},{"key":"2025061605400834000_80.7.451.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.2787","article-title":"Association of Silica Dust Exposure and Cigarette Smoking With Mortality Among Mine and Pottery Workers in China","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"}],"container-title":["Thorax"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/thorax-2024-222660","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T08:40:41Z","timestamp":1750063241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thorax.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/thorax-2024-222660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/thorax-2024-222660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax-2024-222660","relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-6376","1468-3296"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-6376","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3296","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]]}}}