{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:55:20Z","timestamp":1791921320000,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thorax"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Inhaled short-acting \u03b22-agonists (SABA) is recognised as an effective treatment in adults and older children with asthma, but the effect in young children and infants is still up for debate. We examine the efficacy of inhaled SABA for preschool-aged children presenting with acute wheeze\/asthma in this systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PubMed and Embase were searched through August 2024. Clinical trials investigating the effect of inhaled SABA on acute wheeze\/asthma symptoms in children below age 6 years were included. The study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Summary standardised mean differences, 95% CIs and p values were derived from random effects meta-analyses to analyse the effect on clinical composite respiratory score, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, respiratory work and degree of wheezing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 19 studies including 1022 children were included. Treatment with inhaled SABA showed decreased respiratory score within 60\u2009min (10 studies, N=523): standardised mean difference \u22122.05 points (95% CI \u22122.50; \u22121.59), I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=86%, p&lt;0.001, decreased respiratory rate (8 studies, N=319): \u22120.86 (95% CI \u22121.30; \u22120.41), I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=87%, p&lt;0.001, increased oxygen saturation (7 studies, N=190): 0.56 (95% CI 0.16; 0.95), I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=71%, p&lt;0.01, decreased respiratory work (3 studies, N=68): \u22120.80 (95% CI \u22121.60; \u22120.00), I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=74%, p=0.05 and decreased wheezing score (3 studies, N=68): \u22121.07 (95% CI \u22121.80; \u22120.33), I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=72%, p&lt;0.01. Subgroup analyses of children below age 2 years showed similar significant effects for all outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Inhaled SABA treatment for acute wheeze\/asthma symptoms showed beneficial effects in young children and infants. Findings from this study may provide evidence to support inhaled SABA in future treatment guidelines for acute wheeze\/asthma among young children and infants; however, an overall high heterogeneity and small sample size of the studies were a limitation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CRD42023429381.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2024-222760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T01:52:33Z","timestamp":1742781153000},"page":"349-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Short-term efficacy of inhaled short-acting beta-2-agonists for acute wheeze\/asthma symptoms in preschool-aged children: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Rosa","family":"Storgaard Petersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Hallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6383-8845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicklas","family":"Brustad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6846-6243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Chawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clincal Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.14.0170"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.2","unstructured":"Asthma. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/asthma [Accessed 25 Jul 2023]."},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.3","article-title":"Short acting beta agonists for recurrent wheeze in children under 2 years of age","volume":"2002","author":"Chavasse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501193320301"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.5","unstructured":"GINA-2020-report_20_06_04-1-wms.pdf. 2020. Available: https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/GINA-2020-report_20_06_04-1-wms.pdf"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.6","unstructured":"Severe acute asthma. Available: https:\/\/clinicaltoolkit.scot.nhs.uk\/adult-medical-emergency-handbook\/ame-handbook\/respiratory-emergencies\/severe-acute-asthma\/ [Accessed 25 Jul 2023]."},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.7","unstructured":"Chapter II: Planning a Cochrane Review.Available: https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current\/chapter-ii [accessed 8 Aug 2023]."},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.8","unstructured":"Risk of bias tools - current version of rob 2. Available: https:\/\/www.riskofbias.info\/welcome\/rob-2-0-tool\/current-version-of-rob-2 [Accessed 30 Aug 2024]."},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.8.719"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.10","first-page":"182","article-title":"Inhaled hypertonic saline as add on therapy in children between 1 to 6 years of age with acute wheezy episode","volume":"42","author":"Bano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pak Paediatr J"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.1.133"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12578"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1995.02170140083015"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20204"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.1.76"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61073-3"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1994.02170020075013"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950140203"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199901)27:1<27::AID-PPUL6>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(00)90013-1"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.5.1309"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.2.311"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(200004)29:4<264::AID-PPUL5>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.00142"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-199208000-00003"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.26","first-page":"477","article-title":"Effect of short-acting inhaler beta2-agonists on serum cardiac troponin in wheezy infant","volume":"26","author":"Ta\u015far","year":"2005","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"2025071407401218000_80.6.349.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02722593"}],"container-title":["Thorax"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/thorax-2024-222760","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T14:40:30Z","timestamp":1752504030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thorax.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/thorax-2024-222760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/thorax-2024-222760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax-2024-222760","relation":{},"ISSN":["0040-6376","1468-3296"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-6376","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3296","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]]}}}